油棕苗期叶斑病的病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究  

Pathogen identification of leaf spot disease of oil palm seedling and determination of its biological characteristics

作　　者：郑丽[1,2] 杨兴玉[2] 谢昌平[4] 李静[1,2] 冯朝阳[2] 曾宪海 田婉莹[5] 沈会芳[3] 覃新导[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/农业部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737 [2]中国热带农业科学院广州实验站,中国热带农业科学院热带能源生态研究中心,广东广州510140 [3]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,广东广州510640 [4]海南大学环境与植物保护学院,海南海口570228 [5]中国热带农业科学院,海南海口571101

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2014年第6期794-801,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所重点实验室开放课题(RRI-KLOF201508,RRI-KLOF1404);中国热带农业科学院广州实验站站长基金(gzsyzzzjj003)

摘　　要：对采集于广东江门的油棕病叶进行了病原菌分离,通过形态学和ITS序列分析,结果表明此病原菌为小孢拟盘多毛孢菌（Pestalotiopsis microspora）,这是在我国属首次发现由小孢拟盘多毛孢菌引起油棕叶斑病。生物学特性研究结果表明：该菌菌丝生长最适宜温度为28~30℃,p H为6.0~8.0;分生孢子萌发最适温度为25~30℃,p H为6.0~9.0。菌丝对碳源的利用效果最高为D-麦芽糖和可溶性淀粉;对氮源的利用效率以蛋白胨最高,明显优于其他氮源,而以可溶性淀粉、D-半乳糖、D-麦芽糖、葡萄糖为碳源,分生孢子的萌发率最高,分别为94.33%、90.00%、88.33%、89.67%,四者差异不显著;以蛋白胨和硝酸钾为氮源,分生孢子萌发率较高,分别为80.33%和74.00%。Pathogen of oil palm leaf spot disease was isolated and purified, and referred to as strain YZ -4. According to its morphological characteristics and the sequence of internal transcribed spacer （ITS） , the strain YZ - 4 was identified as Pestalotiopsis microspore. Results of biological characteristics showed that the optimum temperature and pH for YZ -4 mycelia growth were 28 - 30℃ and 6.0 - 8.0 respectively, while the highest rate of conid- ium germination occurred at 25 - 30℃, and pH 6.0 - 9.0. The most efficient utilized carbon sources by mycelium were D - maltose and soluble starch. When soluble starch, D - maltose, D - galactose and glucose were used separately as carbon sources, YZ -4 conidial germination rates were 94.33% , 88.33% , 90.00% , and 89.67% re- spectively. These rates were not significantly different. Peptone was the most efficient nitrogen source. As peptone and potassium nitrate were separately used by YZ - 4 as nitrogen sources, the corresponding conidial germination rates were 80.33% and 74.00% respectively.

关 键 词：油棕 叶斑病 小孢拟盘多毛孢菌(Pestalotiopsis microspora) 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S436.421.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]