1751—1911年黄河中下游决溢与气候波动  

The Relationship of Rivers Overflow and Climate Oscillation in the Middle and Lower Yellow River in the Qing Dynasty( 1751—1911)

作　　者：张健[1,2] 张俊辉[3] 吕卓民[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [2]西北大学丝绸之路研究院暨西北历史研究所,陕西西安710069 [3]宝鸡文理学院灾害监测与机理模拟陕西省重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721016

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第6期993-996,共4页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(13YJC770064);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大基金资助项目(13JJD770019);陕西省教育厅科学研究计划基金资助项目(人文社科专项;13JK0042);西北大学人文社会科学研究基金资助项目(11NW19)

摘　　要：根据史料记载黄河中下游决口的发生次数、宽度、河工修缮经费3个指标,对河流决溢程度进行量化,重建了1751—1911年共161年的变化序列,与同时期黄河中游旱涝等级序列变化进行对比,结果显示,黄河中游降水变化与中下游河流决溢及洪涝灾害事件的变化基本同步,在1760,1785,1820,1880至1900年代前后的波动对应最显著。认为清中后期气候波动对黄河决溢及洪涝灾害发生有着重要影响,中下游决溢主要受中游降水异常偏多所致。The paper is intended to discuss the relationship between river overflow and the climatic fluctuation by the analysis of the climatic factors which influenced river overflow in the middle and lower Yellow River during the middle and late period of the Qing Dynasty Based on the three indexes （overflow frequency, channel width and remediation funds） recorded in historical data, and by quantifying various river overflow degrees, the series of changes from 1751 to 1911 are reconstructed and compared with the contemporary droughtflood level and rainfall variation of the Middle Yellow River. The rainfall in the Middle Yellow River is highly correlated with the degree of river overflow in the middle and lower Yellow River, and the reciprocal changes of the two synchronize basically with each other. There is a distinctive correlative degree during the four main, which periods of 1760s, 1785s, 1820s, 1880 to 1900s. The precipitation has increased in the middle Yellow River, which is the main reason for the damage caused by the overflow in the middle and lower Yellow River over the late period of the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：历史气候 降水异常 气候波动 河流决溢 黄河中下游 

分 类 号：K901.9[历史地理—人文地理学]