近60年西安市极端气温事件变化特征分析  

Characteristics of Extreme Temperature Events in Xi'an for the latest 60 years

作　　者：孙娴[1] 魏娜[1] 郝丽[1] 姜创业[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气候中心,陕西西安710015

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第6期997-1000,共4页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家公益性行业(气象)科研基金资助项目(GYHY201006036)

摘　　要：分析西安市近60年极端温度事件的变化特征以及极端温度指数与气温的关系。选取1951—2010年西安市逐日平均气温、日最高气温以及日最低气温资料,采用世界气象组织(WMO)公布的极端温度指数,利用Mann-Kendall(M-K)方法进行极端气温事件分析。认为近60年来,西安年平均气温、年平均最低气温、年平均最高气温呈上升趋势,20世纪90年代增温尤为明显;3种气温的变化趋势除夏季平均最高气温呈下降趋势外,各季节均为上升趋势;年平均气温与极端气温指数之间存在明显的相关性;暖夜日数和暖昼日数呈上升趋势,而霜冻日数、冷夜指数和冷昼日数呈下降趋势,冷夜指数减小、暖夜指数增大的幅度远大于冷昼日数减少的幅度,夜间气温的上升对增暖的贡献更大;极端气温指数的变化存在明显的年际变化特征,并伴有突变发生,西安市气温升高主要发生在20世纪90年代初期。Change characteristics of extreme temperature events and the relationship with temperature in Xi＇an for the latest 60 years are analyzed. Using the daily average temperature, the daily average minimum temperature and the daily average maximum temperatures in Xi＇an from 1951 to 2010 and adopting indices of extreme climate published by WMO, extreme temperature events were analyzed by Mann-Kendall （M-K）. The mean annual temperature, the mean annual maximum and minmum temperature are all in the increasing trends, especially in 1990s; The three kinds of temperature trends in all seasons are increasing, except the daily maximum temperature is in a decreasing trend; the extreme temperature index is significantly correlated to the mean air temperature ; warm nights （ TN90 ） and warm days （ TX90 ） display increasing tendency, while frost days （FD） ,cold nights（TNlO） and cold days （TX10） show decreasing tendency, the increased range of warm nights is much larger than the reduced range of cold days, the effect of temperature in night rising is more than warming; extreme temperature index has obviously interannual variabilities, and abrupt increase of temperature mainly occurred in the early 1990s.

关 键 词：极端气温指数 气温变化 增暖 西安市 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]