北京市西甜瓜节水灌溉发展潜力分析  

Development Potential of Watermelon and Melon Water-saving Irrigation in Beijing

作　　者：赵俊晔[1] 赵亮[1] 张峭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所/农业部农业信息服务技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业展望》2014年第11期52-56,共5页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：基金项目:北京市西甜瓜产业技术体系

摘　　要：西甜瓜节水是北京市发展高效节水农业的重要组成。通过定点监测和问卷调研发现,北京市西甜瓜种植一半以上采用漫灌或沟灌等传统灌溉方式,而按户计约5.04%、按面积计约10.8%采用滴灌、微喷等节水灌溉方式;不同灌溉方式的灌水量存在差异,采用漫灌和沟灌、膜上灌、膜下灌、滴灌和微喷的平均灌水量依次为2 967 m3/hm2、2 178 m3/hm2、2 070 m3/hm2和1 589 m3/hm2。北京市西甜瓜年总灌水量估计为1 521.4万m3,如全部采用滴灌或微灌,总灌水量可降至985万m3。同时,北京市西甜瓜节水灌溉在工程建设、技术储备方面已有较好基础,但生产者节水意识普遍缺乏,节水技术和设备在田间应用环节还有待改进,建议从设施、农艺、管理等方面推进节水灌溉方式改进,挖掘节水潜力。Watermelon and melon water-saving is the important part in developing high-efficiency and water-saving agriculture in Beijing. Through fixed location monitoring and questionnaire survey, it was found that more than half of watermelon and melon producers used traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation and furrow irrigation in Beijing, and about 5.04%of the producers and 10.8%of the planted areas adopted drip or micro spray irrigation methods. Different irrigation methods have different irrigation amounts, the average irrigation amounts of flood irrigation and furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation on or under the mulching film, drip irrigation and micro spray irrigation were 2 967, 2 178, 2 070, 1 589 cubic meters per hectare in the order. The total irrigation water of Beijing watermelon and melonwas estimated at 15.214 million cubic meters annually, and if all adopt drip irrigation or micro spray irrigation, total irrigation water would be dropped to 9.85 million cubic meters. Beijing has good foundation in engineering construction and technical reservation in watermelon and melon water-saving irrigation, but many problems were found in field water-saving link, and there was a general lack of consciousness of water-saving for producers. The technology and equipment of irrigation used in the farmland need to be improved. It was suggested to promote the adoption of water-saving irrigation methods to tap the potentials of water-saving irrigation from equipment, agronomic and management aspects.

关 键 词：西甜瓜 灌溉方式 灌水量 节水灌溉 节水潜力 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]