上海口岸赴美移民儿童结核感染率及影响因素  

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and its risk factors among US immigrant visa applicants of 2-14 years old from Shanghai port

作　　者：周娴[1] 周启明[1] 潘俊[1] 陆晔[1] 潘佳鸿[1] 陈磊[1] 方筠[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海国际旅行卫生保健中心,上海200335

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年第6期368-372,共5页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家质检总局科研基金项目(2013IK234)

摘　　要：目的了解上海口岸赴美移民2-14岁儿童结核及潜伏结核感染的分布情况并分析感染的影响因素。方法抽取2013年在上海国际旅行卫生保健中心进行赴美移民体检的2-14岁儿童作为研究对象,回顾性分析研究对象的基本信息、病史和接触史,结核感染T细胞检测（T-SPOT.TB）结果及其结核感染情况,采用单因素分析方法分析赴美移民2-14岁儿童结核感染的影响因素。结果本研究共纳入了赴美移民2-14岁儿童704人,按学龄前、小学和中学进行年龄分组,3个年龄组的构成比分别为30.5%,40.1%和29.4%。其中有结核病接触史1人,占总数的0.1%;投资移民480例,占研究对象的68.2%;T-SPOT.TB检测阳性5人,占0.71%,无结核相关的临床症状和体征,为潜伏结核感染者。既往有结核患者接触史者发生结核感染的危险性显著高于无接触人群,差异有统计学意义（P=0.007）。3个年龄组发生结核感染的危险性不同,中学组发生结核感染的危险性显著高于低年龄组,差异有统计学意义（P=0.037）;非投资移民发生结核感染的危险性高于投资移民人群（P=0.003）,差异有统计学意义。结论上海口岸赴美移民2-14岁儿童结核感染率较低,日常生活中与结核患者接触,家庭经济水平相对较差增加儿童潜伏感染的危险性,随年龄增长,儿童潜伏感染的危险性增加。Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection（LTBI）, and to identify the risk factors in US immigrant visa applicants of 2-14 years old from Shanghai port. Methods US immigrant visa applicants of 2-14 years old examined in Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center in 2013 were objects of this study. A retrospective analysis was applied to investigate the social demographic, medical history, contact information the results of the T-SPOT.TB tests and LTBI in the subjects. Univaitate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the US immigrant visa applicants of 2-14 years old. Results Totally704 US immigrant visa applicants of 2-14 years old were divided to three groups based on preschool, elementary and middle school age. The compositions of three age groups were 30.5%, 40.1% and 29.4% respectively. 1applicant had contact history of tuberculosis（TB） patient（0.1%）. There were 480（68.2%） applicants were investment immigrants. The age groups were 5（0.71%） children were T-SPOT.TB positive, who had no clinical symptoms and signs related to TB and were defined as LTBI. Children with history of TB contact were easier to infected with TB than children without TB contact history（P = 0.007）. The risks to get TB infection were different in 3 age groups. Children in the middle school age were easier to infected with TB than children in the other young age groups（P = 0.037）. The risks to get TB infection in children who were non-investment immigrants were higher than children who were investment immigrants（P = 0.003）. Conclusion The prevalence of LTBI among US immigrant visa applicants of 2-14 years old from Shanghai port was low. Daily contacts with TB patients and poor family economic status could increase the risk of LTBI in children. The risk of LTBI in children increases along with the age growth.

关 键 词：结核 结核感染T细胞检测 儿童 赴美移民 

分 类 号：R52[医药卫生—内科学]