埃博拉出血热及埃博拉病毒研究现状  

Review of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever and Ebola Virus

作　　者：姚粲璨 陆家海[1] 钟玉清[2] 郑夔[2] 黄吉城[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080 [2]广东出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510700

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2014年第6期424-427,共4页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004403);国家质检总局科研基金项目(2012IK224)

摘　　要：目前西非地区正在流行的埃博拉出血热(EHF)由毒力最强的扎伊尔型(EBOV-Z)所致,为40年来最严重的暴发,殃及几内亚、利比里亚、塞拉利昂和尼日利亚西非四国。对于几内亚EBOV-Z毒株来源,目前存在有两种观点,即该病毒为几内亚地区长期潜伏或者由中非输入。非洲地区的水果蝙蝠为最可疑的远距离传播媒介。西非EHF疫情的诱发和扩散受生态环境因素和社会经济因素的影响。埃博拉病毒(EBOV)在近半个世纪频繁出现,可能由于进化过程中突破了基因遗传变异的瓶颈。本文介绍了目前西非EBOV流行情况、病毒来源、宿主和进化等方面的研究进展。A new outbreak of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever（EHF）, which caused by a divergent variant of the Zaire Ebola（EBOV） lineage, began in December 2013 in the Republic of Guinea, then spreading to other countries（Liberia、Sierra Leone、 Nigeria） in west Africa. This outbreak of EHF is the most serious in history. Argument exists over whether the Guinea 2014 EBOV strain is a pre-existing endemic virus in West Africa rather, or the result of spread of the EBOV lineage from the central African countries that have had previous human outbreaks.Fruit bats which are common across sub-Saharan Africa are the likely reservoir for Ebola Virus. Biological and ecological factors may drive emergence of the virus from the forest, but clearly the sociopolitical landscape plays a crucial role in EHF＇s spread. Some proposed that EBOV-Z experienced a recent genetic bottleneck. Based on this,though EBOVs have been circulating for centuries, they only emerged recently. This paper introduces on research progress about the EBOV epidemic in west Africa, the source, host and evolution of the viruses.

关 键 词：埃博拉出血热 埃博拉病毒 来源 宿主 影响因素 

分 类 号：R183.9[医药卫生—流行病学]