传染病医院住院患者医院感染的监测分析  

Surveillance of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients with infectious diseases

作　　者：袁月[1] 贾红军[1] 李可萍[1] 汤紫荣[1] 管群[1] 庄英杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军第302医院感染控制科,北京100039

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2015年第2期368-370,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：部队卫生和疾病预防控制应用性研究基金资助项目(13BJYZ42)

摘　　要：目的分析传染病医院住院患者医院感染现状,为提高医院感染监测管理水平,降低医院感染率提供参考依据。方法对2012年度医院感染监测病例进行回顾性调查分析;对各科室的医院感染率、医院感染发生部位及病原体分布进行统计分析。结果 2012年度共监测住院患者32 683例,发生医院感染1 139例、1 195例次,感染率3.48%、例次感染率3.66%;感染率最高的科室为ICU内科;医院感染高发部位为呼吸系统和消化系统,分别占34.73%和33.39%;共培养出病原体441株,其中革兰阴性菌213株占48.30%、革兰阳性菌182株占41.27%、真菌45株占10.20%,前5位病原体依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌,分别占18.82%、14.51%、8.84%、6.12%、5.90%。结论传染病医院医院感染涉及医疗过程中的诸多环节,从这些环节入手进行有针对性的干预,才能有效地预防和控制医院感染,从而保障患者健康、提高医疗质量和安全。OBJECTIVE To analyze the current status of nosocomial infections in the hospitalized patients infectious diseases so as to improve the surveillance and management of the nosocomial infections and reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.METHODS A retrospective survey was conducted for the surveillance cases of nosocomial infections in 2012,then the incidence of nosocomial infections in the departments,nosocomial infection sites,and distribution of pathogens were statistically analyzed.RESULTS Of 32 683 hospitalized patients who were monitored in 2012,the nosocomial infections occurred in 1 139（1 195case-times）cases with the infection rate of3.48% and the case-time infection rate of 3.66%;the infection rate was highest in the ICU of internal medicine.The respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract were the predilection infection sites,accounting for 34.73% and33.39%,respectively.A total of 441 strains of pathogens have been cultured,including 213（48.30%）strains of gram-negative bacteria,182（41.27%）strains of gram-positive bacteria,and 45（10.20%）strains of fungi;the Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosaranked the top five species of pathogens,accounting for 18.82%,14.51%,8.84%,6.12%,and5.90%,respectively.CONCLUSIONThe nosocomial infections in the patients with infectious diseases involve various links of the medical procedures,and it is an effective way to take targeted interventions to the links so as to prevent and control the nosocomial infections,ensure the health of the patients,and improve the medical quality and safety.

关 键 词：专科医院 医院感染 病原体 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]