微生物菌剂在醋渣堆肥中的应用  

Effect of inoculating microbes on composting of vinegar dregs

作　　者：周万海[1,2] 魏琴[1,2] 王涛[1,2] 冯瑞章[1,2] 杜永华[1,2] 庞建义 

机构地区：[1]固态发酵资源利用四川省重点实验室,四川宜宾644000 [2]宜宾学院生命科学与食品工程学院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2014年第10期11-15,共5页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：四川省科学技术厅重点科技项目(2010JY0144);发酵资源与应用四川省高校重点实验室开放基金项目(2010KFZ004);四川省教育厅资助科研项目(14ZB0821);宜宾学院博士启动基金项目(2009B03)

摘　　要：以醋渣与一定量的油菜籽粕为原料进行好氧堆肥发酵,在不接种微生物（CK）、接种固氮菌（nitrogenfixation bacteria,NF）、接种纤维素分解菌（cellulose-decomposing bacteria,CD）、混合接种固氮菌和纤维素分解菌（NF＋CD）处理下,研究堆肥体系的温度、水分、pH、总有机碳、粗纤维素含量和种子发芽指数（seed germination index,GI）动态变化及菌剂对堆肥腐熟进程的影响。结果表明,NF＋CD处理最早进入高温期,水分散失和pH值变化最快,较NF和CD处理提前5~6 d,较CK处理提前13 d进入腐熟期;堆肥结束时,NF＋CD处理的总有机碳含量和粗纤维素含量最低,分别较堆肥前降低46.22%和39.2%,NF和CD处理的有机物质和纤维素类物降解率虽不及NF＋CD处理,但降解率仍高于CK处理,特别是CD处理的粗纤维素分解率达到36.8%;NF＋CD、NF、CD处理浸提液的种子发芽指数分别在42 d、49 d、49 d时达到80%,而对照需要56 d。因此,添加微生物菌剂能明显缩短堆体达到高温的时间,从而加速水分散失、有机物质分解和纤维素类物质降解,提高堆肥的种子发芽指数,提前进入腐熟期,缩短堆肥时间;而且,固氮菌和纤维素分解菌混菌接种的效果高于单菌接种。In order to study the effect of inoculating microbes on degradation and maturity of composting, rnitro- gen-fixation bacteria （NF）, cellulose-decomposing bacteria （CD）, nitrogen-fixation bacteria plus cellulose- decompo- sing bacteria （NF ＋ CD） were inoculated in vinegar dregs. Then, temperature, moisture, pH value, total organic car- bon, crude fibre and seed germination index were determined across the composting process. The results showed that the rise of temperature, water loss and pH change of NF ＋ CD appeared earlier and more obviously compared with other treatments, and NF ＋ CD entered mature period 5-6 days ahead than NF and CD, 13 days ahead than CK. After the fer- mentation accomplished, the content of total organic carbon and crude fiber of NF ＋ CD decreased 46.22% and 28.1% respectively. Moreover, for NF and CD, the degradation efficiency of the total organic carbon and crude fiber was markedly higher than that in CK, although less than that in NF ＋ CD, and the degradation efficiency of crude fiber reached 36.8% in treatment of CD. The seed germination index was over 80% after 42d,49d and 49d, when inoculated NF ＋ CD, NF and CD respectively, while the CK needed 56d. Therefore, composting with microbial inoculation could improve temperature of materials at the initial stage, advance the period of high temperature, increase the accumulated temperature, which stimulated the moisture loss, degradation of total organic carbon and crude fiber, improved seed ger- mination index, and shortened the composting period. In addition, the effect of nitrogen-fixation bacteria and cellulose- decomposing bacteria inoculating mixed on vinegar dregs composing were more prominent than they inoculating singly.

关 键 词：醋渣 堆肥 微生物菌剂 堆肥腐熟进程 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]