超重原子核与超重元素  

Superheavy nuclei and superheavy elements

作　　者：周善贵[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理论物理研究所理论物理国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心,兰州730000 [3]华中师范大学核物质科学协同创新中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《物理》2014年第12期817-825,共9页Physics

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2013CB834400);国家自然科学基金(批准号:11121403;11120101005;11211120152;11275248)资助项目;中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(批准号:KJCX2-EW-N01);中国科学院理论物理研究所及理论物理国家实验室高性能计算平台和中国科学院计算机网络信息中心超级计算中心的支持

摘　　要：研究超重原子核和超重元素,探索原子核的电荷和质量极限,是重要的科学前沿领域。超重原子核的存在源于量子效应。上个世纪60年代,理论预言存在一个以质子数114和中子数184为中心的超重稳定岛,这极大地促进了重离子加速器及相关探测设备的建造和重离子物理的发展。到目前为止,实验室合成了118号及之前的超重元素。其中116号、114号和113号以下的新元素已被命名。利用重离子熔合反应合成更重的超重元素还面临着很多挑战,需要理论与实验密切结合,探索超重原子核性质与合成机制,以登上超重稳定岛。文章概要介绍了超重原子核和超重元素的研究背景、实验进展以及面临的挑战,并展望了未来的发展。The study of superheavy nuclei and superheavy elements and the exploration of the existence limits of the charge and mass of atomic nuclei is at the forefront of modern sci-ence. The existence of superheavy nuclei is mainly due to quantum shell effects. In the 1960s, based on the stability originating from shell effects, it was predicted that an island of stability cen-tered at Z=114 and N=184 should exist. This prediction advanced the construction of heavy ion ac-celerators and related detectors and the development of heavy ion physics. So far, new elements with a charge number up to 118 have been synthesized in laboratories. The elements with Z=116 and 114 and Z＆lt;113 have already been named. There are many challenges to synthesize even heavi-er elements by using heavy ion fusion reactions. More efforts should be made to study the proper-ties of superheavy nuclei both experimentally and theoretically. In this article, the background, ex-perimental progress, and challenges concerning the study of superheavy nuclei will be presented, and future prospects discussed.

关 键 词：超重原子核 超重元素 量子壳效应 重离子熔合 

分 类 号：O571.6[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]