粪肥施用对设施番茄产量和土壤氮磷累积的影响  

Effects of Manure Applications on Tomato Yields and Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in a Greenhouse Production System

作　　者：李超[1] 严正娟[2] 张经纬[1] 陈清[2] 李俊良[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第8期1560-1568,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题(2012BAD15B01-4)“极高氮磷投入种植体系的面源污染控制技术”;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)

摘　　要：针对国际上不同粪肥推荐施用策略,利用两年的设施番茄田间试验,以传统管理模式大棚为对照,研究了基于粪肥中磷含量（P-based处理）、基于粪肥中氮含量（N-based处理）的施用策略以及在P-based处理基础上添加秸秆（P-based＋S处理）的粪肥施用模式对设施番茄产量以及土壤N、P累积的影响。结果表明：在三种粪肥推荐施用策略下,番茄产量没有显著性差异,但均高于传统管理模式。两年试验期间,P-based处理、P-based＋S处理和N-based处理的表观氮素盈余分别为1123、1048、1039 kg N·hm^-2,表观磷素盈余分别为219、249、226 kg P·hm^-2;P-based处理、P-based＋S处理和N-based处理0～180 cm土壤剖面无机氮分别增加了497、480、440 kg N·hm^-2,而表层土壤Olsen-P含量分别增加了28.4、34.7、31 mg P·kg^-1。从菜田土壤肥力的初期结果看,P-based处理与P-based＋S处理对土壤N、P累积的速率明显快于N-based处理。Based on international strategies of manure applications, a two-year experiment was conducted in a greenhouse production system to investigate the effects of different strategies of manure application on tomato yield and soil nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）accumulation.The treatments included control treatment（SN）（the traditional farmers′ manure application）; P-based manure application（P）; P-based manure plus wheat straw application（P＋S）; N-based manure application（N）. Compared to the control（SN）treatment, different strategies of manure application increased tomato fruit yields, with no significant differences among the different strategies. The apparent N surplus was1123, 1048, 1039 kg N·hm^-2, and the apparent P surplus 219, 249, 226 kg P·hm^-2for P, P＋S and N treatments, respectively. In 0～180 cm soil depth, soil inorganic N increased by 497, 480, 440 kg N·hm^-2, and soil Olsen-P content increased by 28.4, 34.7, 31.0 mg P·kg^-1in P,P＋S and N treatments, respectively. The preliminary results show that the accumulations of N and P in soils were greater under P-based and P-based ＋ S treatments than under N-based treatment during the two-year experiment period.

关 键 词：粪肥推荐 产量 设施 土壤 氮磷累积 番茄 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]