猪圈内粪、尿、冲洗水分开收集系统设计与效果研究  

Evaluation of a Novel System for Separate Collection of Feces, Urine and Flushing Water in Swine Lots

作　　者：吴华山[1] 常志州[1] 杜静[1] 黄红英[1] 马艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术中心,农业部长江下游农业环境重点研究室,南京210014

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第8期1631-1636,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家水专项(2012ZX07101-004-3)

摘　　要：养殖场污染物减排是养殖污染控制最有效手段之一,为此在对猪排泄过程及行为观察基础上,设计了一种能分别搜集猪粪、猪尿及冲洗水的猪圈,并进行了实际运用效果监测研究。结果表明:采用设计的新猪圈,在冬、春季节猪粪收集率较对照猪圈分别提高1.1%和3.8%,猪尿收集量分别提高20.5%和15.1%;所收集猪粪含水量为73.9%和69.6%,分别降低3.1%和4.8%;猪粪中总氮、总磷较对照没有显著差异,收集猪尿液中COD、总氮和总磷含量均显著低于对照;多次冲洗直到总氮、总磷检测为阴性时为止,累计冲洗水用量,新猪圈冲洗水量冬、春季较对照分别减少了23.7%和30.5%,冲洗水中TN分别降低20.7%和24.6%,TP降低10.1%和12.3%,COD降低6.7%和2.5%,达到了养猪场污染物减量减排的目标。Reducing pollutant discharges from animal farming systems is one of the most effective ways to control agricultural environmental pollution. A novel swine lot was designed to collect feces, urine and flushing water separately based on the excretion behaviors of swine. Its performances were then evaluated. The collection rates of feces in the designed swine lots（DSL）were increased by 1.1% and 3.8%, respectively, in winter and spring, as compared with those in the normal swine lots（CK）. The rates of urine collection were enhanced by 20.5% in winter and 15.1% in spring in DSL. The water content in the feces from DSL was 73.9% in winter and 69.6% in spring, being 3.1% and 4.8%lower than from CK, respectively. There were no statistical differences in nitrogen and phosphorus contents in feces between DSL and CK.However, chemical oxygen demand（COD）, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the feces were significantly lower from DSL than from CK. In DSL, the consumption of flushed water was reduced by 23.7% and 30.5%, respectively, in winter and in spring, compared to CK. Nitrogen concentrations in the flushed water from DSL were reduced by 20.7% and 24.6%, phosphorus by 10.1% and 12.3%, and COD by 6.7% and2.5%, respectively, during winter and spring, in comparison with CK. These findings show that the new waste collection system would help reduce pollutants from swine farming.

关 键 词：猪圈 粪 尿 冲圈水 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]