连续定位施用沼液对水旱轮作耕层土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响  

Influence of Long-term Applications of Biogas Slurry on Microbial Community Composition and Enzymatic Activities in Surface Soil Under Rice-Rape Rotation

作　　者：冯丹妮[1] 伍钧[1] 杨刚[1] 张璘玮 张乙涵[1] 王静雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第8期1644-1651,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BADC4B04);四川省环保厅重点项目(2011HB011)

摘　　要：为研究长期定位施用沼液对水旱轮作耕层土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响,在四川省邛崃市固驿镇黑石村黄壤性水稻土上设置12个处理（1个清水对照,1个常规施肥对照,10个不同施用量的纯沼液处理）,采集连续三年＂水稻-油菜＂轮作后的耕层土壤,研究了土壤微生物区系及酶活性的变化。结果表明,与清水对照和常规施肥相比,施用沼液会降低土壤细菌/真菌（B/F）值,增加微生物数量并提高土壤酶活性;随沼液施用量增加,细菌数量不断增加,放线菌、真菌数量和土壤过氧化氢酶活性均先升高后降低,土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性呈先降低后升高再降低的趋势;当三年沼液施用总量控制在495.31～546.32 t·hm^-2时,土壤微生物数量和酶活性均处于较高水平。长期施用沼液有利于土壤微生物生长和酶活性提高,但对土壤微生态平衡及土壤质量存在潜在威胁。Biogas slurry contains plant nutrients and growth hormones, which may promote plant growth and in turn impact soil microorganisms and their activities. The influence of long-term applications of biogas slurry on microorganism community and enzyme activities was examined in yellow soil under rice-rape rotation in Heishi village of Sichuan Province. Twelve treatments（one clean water control, one conventional fertilizer, and ten different rates of pure biogas slurry were designed. Three year applications of biogas slurry reduced the bacterial to fungal ratio（B/F）, increased microbial population and enzymatic activities. As biogas slurry rates increased, however, bacterial population increased continuously, whereas actinomyces and fungi and catalase activity increased initially and then decreased but urease and sucrase activities showed ＂decrease-increase-decrease＂ pattern. At 495.31～546.32 t·hm^-2 of biogas slurry, both soil microorganisms and enzymatic activities remained at a relatively high level over the three year period. This result suggests that long-term application of biogas slurry could improve soil microorganism and enzyme activities.

关 键 词：沼液 水旱轮作 耕层土壤 土壤微生物区系 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]