棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田氨挥发的影响  

Effects of Cotton Stalk and Its Biochar on Ammonia Volatilization from a Drip Irrigated Cotton Field

作　　者：李琦[1] 廖娜[1] 张妮[1] 茹思博[1] 侯振安[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院资源与环境科学系,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第10期1987-1994,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160415);新疆生产建设兵团杰出青年创新资金专项(2014CD002)

摘　　要：土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一，通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆（12 t·hm-2）和等碳量生物炭（4.5 t·hm-2）三个处理，每个处理设置不施氮肥和施氮450 kg N·hm-2两种条件。试验结果表明，施用棉花秸秆和生物炭可显著降低土壤 NH＋4-N 含量，分别较对照降低8.01豫～19.88豫和5.49豫～9.90豫。棉花秸秆及其生物炭处理土壤 NO-3- N 含量和脲酶活性在不施氮肥条件下显著降低，而在施氮肥条件下显著增加。不施氮肥条件下，棉花秸秆和生物炭处理土壤氨挥发较对照分别降低22.06豫和21.27豫；而在施氮450 kg N·hm-2条件下，分别降低30.58豫和40.59豫。因此，棉花秸秆及其生物炭还田都可以减少滴灌棉田氨挥发，其中生物炭还田效果更显著，是一种更好的秸秆利用方式。Ammonia volatilization is an important pathway of fertilizer N loss in arid regions. A field study was performed to determine the effects of cotton stalk and its biochar on soil inorganic N concentrations and ammonia volatilization in a drip-irrigated cotton field with and without N fertilization. The experiment included three soil treatments：unamended soil（control）, cotton stalk-amended soil（12 t·hm -2）, and biochar-amended soil（4.5 t·hm-2）. The amount of C inputs was the same in both cotton stalk and biochar treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two rates：0 or 450 kg N·hm-2. Compared with the unamended control, soil NH ＋4-N concentrations were 8.01%～19.88% lower in the cotton stalk-amended and 5.49%～9.90% less in the biochar-amended treatment. Both soil NO -3 -N concentrations and urease activi-ties were reduced by either cotton stalk or the biochar under no N fertilization, but increased under N fertilization. Under the unfertilized treatments, soil ammonia volatilization was 22.06% and 21.27% less in the cotton stalk-amended and biochar-amended soils than in the control, respectively. Under the fertilized treatments, however, ammonia volatilization was reduced by 30.58% in the cotton stalk-amended soil and 40.59% in the biochar-amended soil compared to the control. In conclusion, applying either cotton stalk or cotton stalk-derived biochar significantly reduces ammonia volatilization in drip-irrigated cotton fields. Biochar shows more effectiveness in lowering ammonia volatilization.

关 键 词：棉花秸秆 生物炭 滴灌 氮肥 氨挥发 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]