古代雄性动物称谓词语历时考察  

Diachronic Investigation of Ancient Appellations for Male Animals

作　　者：陈明富[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学文学与文化研究所,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第1期57-64,共8页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14BYY167);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(14YJA740002);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学基金资助项目(2013SJB740016)

摘　　要：古代汉语中的雄性动物称谓词语极为丰富,其中有些出现较早,有些出现相对较晚;有些适用范围较广,有些只适用于某一种或几种动物。这些词语自先秦以来,一直存在于共时分布与历时更替的系统中。到清代时,仍在使用的有"雄"、"公"、"儿"、"叫"、"牯"、"犍"、"扇"、"騬"、"豭"、"羖"、"羝"等。这些词语在现代汉语普通话或方言中都基本存在,其中"雄"、"公"二词使用范围较广,在普通话中已经替代了其他词语。There are abundant masuline appellations in ancient Chinese, some of which appeared earlier, some relatively late, some have wide scope of application, and some can only apply to one or several kinds of animals. Since the pre-Qin period, these words present in the synchronic distribution and diachronic replacement of the system. In the Qing Dynasty, among the words in use are ＂雄＂ ,＂公＂, ＂儿＂ ,＂叫＂ ,＂牯＂ ,＂犍＂ ,＂扇＂ ,＂騬＂ ,＂豭＂ ,＂羖＂ ,＂羝＂, etc. These words are being used in modem Chinese mandarin or dialects, in which the scope of the two words of ＂雄＂ and＂公＂ is wider, which have replaced other words in mandarin.

关 键 词：古代汉语 雄性动物称谓词语 共时存在 历时更替 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]