根植于航空安全文化的内隐安全态度的预测效应  

Predictive Effect of Implicit Safety Attitudes on Safety Performance in Aviation Safety Culture

作　　者：晏碧华[1] 姬鸣[1] 赵小军[1] 屠金路[1] 游旭群[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院暨陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室,西安710062

出　　处：《心理学报》2015年第1期119-128,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71301092);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(14YJA190012)资助

摘　　要：采用飞行管理态度问卷FMAQ 2.0作为航空安全文化背景下外显安全态度的评价工具,并设计了两个安全态度的内隐联想测试(IAT)对134名飞行员进行了调查,同时运用专家评定法对其飞行绩效进行了评价,结果发现:(1)航空安全态度的IAT效应值较强,飞行安全更多与积极评价和积极情感联系在一起,对飞行风险与冒险是消极评价与回避。(2)外显和内隐安全态度既相关又分离:评价性内隐安全态度和外显态度的驾驶舱工作态度、情感性内隐安全态度和驾驶舱工作态度与自动化驾驶态度显著正相关,且总外显态度与内隐态度正相关显著,同时模型数据显示二者是分离性结构。(3)外显和内隐安全态度均能预测安全绩效,其中外显态度对飞行作风、飞行技能和机组管理的预测率较高,内隐态度在安全规章上预测率较高,其共同预测模型拟合良好。结论:外显与内隐安全态度、安全绩效及其相互关系共同构成特定航空安全文化的完整模型。The fundamental feature of safety culture is represented by safety attitudes. In terms of measuring safety cultures, many researchers have mainly focused on explicit safety attitudes and generally relied on specific survey instruments. It is questionable, however, whether self-report measures can capture all aspects of organizational safety culture. Instead of getting direct answers, it is necessary to introduce implicit measures and the implicit safety attitudes test into safety culture evaluation. The basic hypothesis of this study was that while various enterprises share different safety culture, the structure and intensity of implicit and explicit safety attitudes differ for employees. The present study was aimed at investigating the complete model of aviation safety culture and the importance of implicit safety attitudes by detecting the relationship between explicit and implicit safety attitudes as well as the prediction effect of implicit safety attitudes. The Flight Management Attitudes Questionnaire （FMAQ 2.0, international version） was adopted in this study which was based on the work characteristics of modem airlines pilots. With the purpose of evaluating explicit safety attitudes under the background of aviation safety culture, FMAQ 2.0 is comprised of three subscales, including basic organizational attitudes, cockpit work attitudes, and flight automation attitudes. Moreover, Evaluative Implicit Association Test and Affective Implicit Association Test were developed for aviatic implicit safety attitudes test. 134 pilots were involved in the investigation, 126 valid cases were obtained. Safety performance were obtained from airline company on four dimensions, including safety regulation, flight style, flight skill and organizational management was applied for validity criterion. The results showed that （1） IAT of aviation safety attitudes indicated a high effect value, aviation safety led to more positive evaluation and feelings while flight risk and adventure were more connected with negativ

关 键 词：航空安全文化 内隐安全态度 内隐联想测试 安全绩效 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]