钓鱼岛列屿主权的国际法理新论——兼论我国钓鱼岛列屿主权传统论据的必要修正  

A New Theory of International Jurisprudence on the Sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands——with Necessary Modifications of Traditional Evidence for China's Sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands

作　　者：刘磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2015年第1期120-131,共12页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：江苏省青蓝人才工程青年骨干教师计划支持项目(项目编号SR11100113)的研究成果

摘　　要：我国早于日本发现钓鱼岛列屿对之命名并进行了主权性宣告,因此在1895年日本兼并之前拥有主权。从已有的历史证据考证,由于证明钓鱼岛列屿晚清纳入台湾省行政管辖的证据尚不充分,因此《马关条约》割让领土的范围是否包括钓鱼岛列屿不无疑问。如果钓鱼岛列屿不在《马关条约》的割让领土范围之内,我国要求日本二战后归还主权的诉求需寻找其他依据。日本1895年的兼并行为因晚清、民国政府长期怠于维权,从国际法理上分析,因时效与禁止反言原因我国在钓鱼岛列屿主权问题上可能会失分,但日本因非法行为亦可能产生否定性时效。钓鱼岛主权与中日海洋划界问题无直接关联,由于钓鱼岛自身海洋地理特征,将钓鱼岛归属作为中日海洋划界依据不符合国际法院判例,中国主张钓鱼岛主权并非基于海洋油气资源利益。《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》对日本归还一战前窃占岛屿仍然具有法定效力,日本应当根据《波茨坦公告》归还一战前所窃占的中国领土。Since China has made the announcement of sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands prior to Japan＇s claim,China has had the sovereignty before Japan＇s annexation of pertinent islands in 1895. Based on existed historic evidence,there are still controversies over whether Diaoyu Islands were covered into China＇s cession of the sovereignty by the Treaty of Maguan since the evidence to prove that Diaoyu Islands had been included into Taiwan Administrative jurisdiction in Late Qing Dynasty were not sufficient. If Diaoyu Islands were not included thereof,new evidence should be found for the sovereignty claim against Japan after World War II. Late Qing and Republic of China had failed to claim rights against Japan＇s territory annexation in 1895,China might lose some advantages due to lapse of time and estoppel principle by International jurisprudence. However,Japan＇s illegal annexation of territory would result in negative prescription. Moreover,the sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands has no direct relation with issues of Sino- Japan ocean boundaries,thus it does not conform to international case law to resolve Sino- Japan ocean boundary disputes according to the sovereignty of Diaoyu Islands for China＇s sovereignty claim is not based on offshore petroleum or gas interest. The Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Declaration still have legal effects with regard to provisions to require Japan return any island annexed by violence and greed during World War I,thus Japan should return pertinent territories to China.

关 键 词：钓鱼岛列屿 《马关条约》 《波茨坦公告》 领土兼并 

分 类 号：DF93[政治法律—国际法学]