试论国家的领土主权宣示行为及其在国际法上的意义——兼论我国的领土争端涉及的主权宣示问题  

On State 's Sovereignty Declaration Action in the Perspective of International Law——Also on the Sovereignty Declaration Action Relating to Territorial Disputes of China and Its Neighbors

作　　者：李毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学政府管理学院国际关系研究所

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2015年第1期60-71,128,共12页Northeast Asia Forum

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究基金青年项目(12YJCZH141)

摘　　要：主权宣示是国家主张和实际行使领土主权的表现形式。实践中存在形式多样的主权宣示方式,如立法性宣示、实施行政管理和司法管辖性的宣示、文化形式的宣示等。主权宣示与有效占领是点与面的关系,满足充分性、持续性、和平性、合法性要求的主权宣示证据的积累,通常可以作为国家确立有效占领的依据。对于存在对抗性主权主张的领土,国际司法或仲裁机构习惯采用的将争端双方的主权宣示行为综合起来考察,通过比较以得出何者的控制更为充分或有效,从而决定领土归属的做法,对存在未决领土争端的当事国产生了很大的影响。我国应在主权宣示行动的常规化、制度化和程序化等方面进一步改进和完善,为巩固和维护我国的固有领土主权提供充分的证据支撑。针对与我国存在领土争端的有关国家近年来渐进地、有计划地实施"主权宣示"意图的行动,我国必须高度关注,积极采取反制措施。State's sovereignty declaration action means the state advocates and actually exercises sovereignty. Sovereignty declaration action includes legislative display,the implementation of administrative and jurisdiction of judicial display,and cultural forms display. Sovereignty declaration action and effective occupation is the relationship between point and plane. The display of sovereignty which meets the requirement of sufficiency,peace,and legitimacy will accumulate to prove a state's effective occupation. To the disputes of territorial sovereignty,international judicial or arbitral bodies are accustomed to comparing the behavior of both sides in order to determine which party controls more fully or effectively,and such practices had a great influence on the parties of unresolved territorial disputes. To provide sufficient evidence to support inherent territorial sovereignty,China should further improve and perfect the sovereignty declaration action in normalization,institutionalization,and routinization aspects. At the same time,China must give attention and actively take counter-measures to neighboring countries which implement sovereignty declaration action in a planned way.

关 键 词：主权宣示 领土之取得 有效占领 对抗性请求 关键日期 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]