铅酸电池生产企业铅职业危害综合治理效果研究  

Comprehensive treatment for lead occupation hazard in lead-acid battery production enterprises

作　　者：张宏光[1] 曾运良 周志洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]惠州市职业病防治院,516008

出　　处：《国际医药卫生导报》2015年第1期35-38,共4页International Medicine and Health Guidance News

基　　金：惠卅l市科技计划项目（2013Y109）

摘　　要：目的研究铅酸电池生产企业铅职业病危害综合治理效果。方法通过对7家铅酸电池企业工艺布局、通风设施整改治理，以及职业卫生知识培训等措施，采用治理前后劳动者对铅的职业病危害知晓率、防护用品防护设施使用正确率、工作场所铅烟（尘）浓度合格率、接触铅作业劳动者血铅超标率等指标进行治理效果评价。结果治理后接触铅作业劳动者人数显著减少18％。劳动者自我防护意识和知识有显著提高（P〈0．01）。工作场所铅烟最高浓度从4．220mg／m^3降至0．191mg／m^3，合格率从40．7％提高到92．5％；铅尘最高浓度从1．705mg／m^3降至0．157mg／m^3，铅烟、铅尘合格率从54．5％提高至96．4％；治理前后铅尘（烟）合格率比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。接触铅作业劳动者血铅超标率从30．53％降至3．95％，治理前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论铅酸电池生产企业采用综合治理措施效果良好。Objective To study the effect of comprehensive treatment for lead occupation hazard in lead-acid battery production enterprises. Methods The process layout and ventilation facilities in 7 leadacid battery enterprises were rectified and treated. Occupation health knowledge training was carried out. The awareness rate of occupation disease hazard of lead, the rate of correctly using protection articles and facilities, the rate of the qualified concentration of lead smoke （dust） at workplace, the rate of blood lead exceeded standard in lead exposed workers, etc. before and after the treatment were used to evaluate the effect. Results After the treatment, fewer workers （18%） exposed to lead; the workers＇ self-protection awareness and their knowledge of self-protection were significantly increased （P〈0.01）; the highest concentration of lead smoke at workplace dropped from 4.220 mg/m^3 to 0.191 mg/m^3, and the qualified rate was increased from 40.7% to 92.5%; the highest concentration of lead dust decreased from 1.705 mg/m^3 to 0.157 mg/m^3, and the lead fume and dust qualified rate increased from 54.5% to 96.4%. There were statistical differences in lead dust （smoke） qualified rates between before and after the treatment （P〈0.01）. The rate of blood lead exceeded standard in lead exposed workers declined from 30.53% to 3.95%, with a statistical difference between before and after the treatment （P〈0.01）. Conclusion comprehensive treatment for lead occupation hazard in lead-acid battery production enterprises has good effect.

关 键 词：铅 职业病危害 综合治理 效果评价 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]