湖南省农业农村面源污染负荷分布特征  

The Distribution of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Hunan Rural Area

作　　者：张吉香[1] 万大娟[1] 苏青[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期125-132,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2012BAJ15B06-08)

摘　　要：为揭示湖南省农业农村面源污染负荷分布特征,本文采用清单分析法对湖南省14个市州农村地区的化学需氧量(CODCr),总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)产生量和产生强度进行核算,分析其时空分布特征及主要成因。结果表明:湖南省农村环境中CODCr,TN和TP产生量从2002年的3 563.34万t,188.46万t和35.96万t增加到2011年的4 361.13万t,216.58万t和43.21万t,产生强度从2002年的1 688.76 kg/hm2,89.32 kg/hm2和17.04 kg/hm2增加到2011年的2 066.86 kg/hm2,102.64 kg/hm2和20.48 kg/hm2;常德、邵阳、衡阳和永州为湖南省农业农村面源污染的主要高强区;在农业生产过程中,畜禽养殖业的发展和化肥的施用是导致湖南省农业农村面源污染的主要原因,生活污水对农业农村面源污染贡献较小。In order to reveal the distribution of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hunan rural area, the producing amount and producing intensity of chemical oxygen demand （CODcr） , total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） of 14 pastoral prefectures in Hunan province were calculated by inventory analysis approach, and the spatial-temporal distribution and main causes were analyzed. The results showed that the producing amount of CODCr, TN and TP in Hunan rural environment increased from 3 563.34 × 10^4, 188.46 × 10^4 and 35.96 × 10^4 tons to 4 361.13 × 10^4, 216.58 × 10^4 and 43.21 × 10^4 tons from year 2002 to 2011. The producing intensity of CODCr TN and TP increased from 1 688.76, 89.32 and 17.04 kg/hm^2 to 2066.86, 102. 64 and 20.48 kg/hm^2 from year 2002 to 2011. Agricultural non-point source pollution spots with the highest producing intensity in Hunan rural area distributed in Changde, Shaoyang, Hengyang and Yongzhou. In the process of agricultural production, the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry and fertilizer application were main reasons that led to the generation of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hunan rural settlement, the contribution of domestic sewage was relatively low.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 CODCR TN TP 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济] X501[环境科学与工程—环境工程]