木质原料制取先进生物燃料正处在大规模产业化的前夜——迎接生物能源第二波浪潮  

BTL technologies are on the eve of big-scale commercialization——Meeting the second wave of bioenergy industry

作　　者：程序[1] 石元春[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物质工程中心,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学,北京100193

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2015年第1期11-18,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

摘　　要：近年来在欧美国家和地区出现了一批基于热化学平台、糖平台和羧酸盐平台的新型液、气生物燃料企业。其原料和技术路线与先前第一代生物燃油乃至第二代纤维素乙醇所采用的水解-发酵或酯交换工艺完全不同。突出的特点是使用木质纤维类原料，因而能将原来不能充分利用的木质素及半纤维素所含的能量（约占总能的四成）也转化入最终的生物合成油/气之中。从而为大规模利用林木类废弃/剩余物、能源林/灌木和木变油/气提供了前所未有的机遇。当前这些技术绝大部分已通过中试和示范规模的验证，经济可行性较强，正处于大规模产业化的前夜。用它们制取的多种先进生物燃料还有两个非常大的优点，即均属于所谓的“直接使用”类燃料，能以任何比例与常规汽、柴油掺混，或完全单独用于现有的发动机（不用改装发动机），亦无需像乙醇那样须有专用的储运设施；且均有70%～90%的CO2减排效果。我国在此领域也出现了好的苗头，在迎接全球生物能源第二波浪潮的激烈竞争中须也能够占有一席之地。A series of newly-developed type of biofuel plants have established which are fea-tured with products of thermo-chemical platform,sugar platform and carboxylates platform,as well as use lignocellulosic feedstock. Lignocellulose biomass-to-liquids （BTL） is fundamentally different both from the first generation biofuels that are all derived from cereal and vegetable oil,and from the second generation ethanol that is based on hydrolysis-fermentation process. The prominent feature of such a new kind of advanced biofuels is that they can make full use of the energy contained in lignin and semicellulose,which is rich in woody materials,thus consid-erably broadens the scope of feedstock. Recently,majority of these technologies have under-gone tests of pilot and demonstration phases,and on the eve of big scale of commercialization. The products derived from above three platforms are all characteristic of reducing CO2 emission by 70%～90%and can be used directly on current vehicle engines and fuel infrastructure. Chi-nese scientists have also tapped a few novel technologies in this field,and without lag behind in the severe international competition.

关 键 词：热化学平台 糖平台 羧酸盐平台 木质纤维类生物质 直接用的生物燃料 产业化 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]