应用RZWQM模型模拟华北玉米土壤剖面水氮迁移及淋溶特征  

Simulating Migration and Leaching of Water and Nitrogen in Maize Soil Profile in North China Plain with RZWQM Model

作　　者：薛长亮[1,2] 张克强[1] 张国印[3] 杨德光[2] 宋帅[4] 王风[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,石家庄050051 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第11期2179-2186,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：公益性行业(环保)科技项目(201309035-1);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B02)

摘　　要：以河北石家庄大河实验站玉米-小麦轮作系统为研究对象,应用RZWQM模型对玉米季土壤剖面水分和硝态氮含量、硝态氮淋溶和氨挥发特征以及作物产量进行模拟,提出控制硝态氮淋溶的玉米施肥方案。设置冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期施氮量分别为575、400、215、0 kg·hm-24个处理,应用轮作周期施氮量为575 kg·hm-2处理玉米季土壤剖面含水量、硝态氮和产量数据进行模型参数率定,应用其他3个施肥处理进行模型参数的验证。结果表明:率定与验证过程中土壤剖面含水量均方根误差方差分别为0.003 6、0.010 6 cm3·cm-3,4个处理土壤剖面硝态氮RMSE分别为6.56、7.30、3.64、1.53mg·kg-1。在模型参数率定和验证的基础上,开展了RZWQM模型对轮作制度下玉米季土壤硝态氮淋溶和氮挥发的预测,虽然预测结果与实际值存在偏差,但在总体上RZWQM模型可以较好地模拟华北石家庄地区土壤剖面水氮的迁移转化,并且可为日后进一步准确预测和估算更大地区的土壤硝态氮淋溶提供一种便捷可靠的方法。This study simulated the relationship between soil nitrogen leaching and crop yield in North China Plain using Root Zone Water Quality Model（ RZWQM ）, and the feasibility of model to optimize fertilization was also explored. A rotation trial of winter wheat-summer maize was conducted on Dahe experiment station in Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Four nitrogen treatments were used, including 575 kg. hm^-2（ N3 ）, 400 kg.hm^-2（N2）, 215 kg. hm^-2（N1 ）, and O kg. hm^-2（NO）. Water contents and nitrogen concentrations in different layers of soil profile from the N3 treatment were used for model calibration, and the data obtained from three other treatments were used for model validation. The calibration and validation results showed the Root Mean Square Error（ RMSE ） of water contents in soil profile were 0.003 6 Cm^3. cm^-3 and 0.010 6 cm3.cm^-3 , and nitrate RMSEs of N3, N2, N1 and NO treatments were 6.56 mg·kg^-1, 7.30 mg·kg^-1, 3.64 mg·kg^-1 and 1.53 mg·kg^-1, respectively. We further predicted the dynamics of nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization during summer maize using the model param- eters. The results revealed that the amount of nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization reduced significantly as the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was decreased during the cultivation, and that this model is an efficient tool to predict nitrate leaching in soil profile during crop cultivation in Noah China Plain even though there was slight deviation in prediction.

关 键 词：RZWQM模型 玉米 氮素淋溶 华北地区 施肥量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]