贡湖湾北部退渔还湖区水、沉积物和土壤中氮的时空分布  

Distribution of Nitrogen in Water,Soil and Sediment in Water/Land Ecotone of Returning Fishpond to Lake Area of Northern Gonghu Bay

作　　者：卢少勇[1,2] 曲洁婷[1,2] 许秋瑾[2] 胡小贞[2] 汪祖茂[2] 赵维电[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,湖泊环境研究中心,洞庭湖生态观测研究站,湖泊工程技术中心,北京100012 [2]山东大学环境科学与工程学院,济南250100 [3]山东省环境保护科学研究设计院,济南250013

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第11期2234-2241,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07101-014;2012ZX07105-002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2012-YSKY-14)

摘　　要：太湖贡湖湾北部退渔还湖区(2.18 km2)的水陆交错带,虽已进行了基底改造和小部分植物种植,但仍需开展大规模种植,故迫切需要了解其生境特性的状况,为此开展了该区域的水陆交错带水、沉积物、土壤中氮的时空分布特征调查,以便为后续示范工程的设计提供基本参数。选择南部和北部两处交错带(面积分别为6700、8300 m2)及其周边陆域、水域,分别在2012年11月和2013年5月采集17个点位的水、沉积物和土壤样品,分析了其氮的时空分布。结果表明:水、沉积物和土壤样品中的氮存在明显的季节变化,春季水、沉积物和土壤中的总氮和氨氮均低于秋季,而春季沉积物和土壤中硝氮含量较高。人为栽种植物有利于氮的去除,温度和微生物的活动对此也有一定的贡献。在春季,水陆交错区的硝化作用更强烈;氨氮的空间分布与总氮基本一致,水中氮的主要存在形式是氨氮,而沉积物和土壤中的氮以有机氮为主。Returning fishpond to lake is one of approaches to restore regional ecosystems. Understanding transformation and cycling of nutri- ents in the restored area is critical to implementation of such practice. Here, a water-land ecotone （2.18 km^2） in returning fishpond to lake area of north Gonghu Bay of Lake Taihu was selected to examine the temporal and spatial variations of nitrogen in water, sediment, and soil. Seventeen sampling locations were chosen at the north and south zones. Water, sediment and soil samples were collected in November 2012 and May 2013. Total nitrogen and ammonia, nitrogen in water, soil and sediment samples were lower in Spring than in Autumn, but nitrate ni- trogen in soils was higher in Spring than in Autumn, showing a significant seasonal variation. Growing plants artificially had a great contribu- tion to the removal of nitrogen. In addition, temperature and microbial activity would help improve nitrogen removal. In water-land ecotone, nitrification was greater in Spring than in Autumn. The spatial distribution of ammonia nitrogen was consistent with that of total nitrogen. The dominant form of nitrogen in water was ammonia nitrogen, however, organic nitrogen was the main form in the sediment and soil.

关 键 词：贡湖 退渔还湖区 水陆交错带 水/沉积物/土壤 氮 时空分布 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]