我国大陆各省份优势作物及其变化研究  

Advantageous Crops and Changes of Each Province in China

作　　者：李红[1] 唐永金[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第2期337-340,346,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技星火计划项目(2010GA810023)

摘　　要：研究一个地区的优势作物及其变化情况,可以为作物结构调整提供参考依据。该研究根据我国大陆1982和2012年7种粮食作物和9种经济作物的产量计算优势指数,据此确定各省份的优势粮食作物或优势经济作物及其变化情况。结果表明:1不同省份的优势作物不同。如2012年稻谷优势强的是江西、海南、福建;小麦优势强的是西藏、青海、河南;大豆优势强的是黑龙江;花生优势强的是辽宁、北京、山东;油菜籽优势强的是青海、西藏、四川、上海、湖南、江苏、浙江、湖北、甘肃;棉花优势强的是天津、新疆、河北;甘蔗优势强的是广西;烤烟优势强的是重庆、福建、贵州、云南、河南、陕西。2不同省份优势作物的变化有不同特点。一些省份的某些作物一直处于强优势地位,但优势程度在变化,如黑龙江的甜菜优势在加强,大豆优势在减弱;一些省份某些作物的优势地位没有变化,如山东的花生;一些省份某些作物的优势地位在上升,如江西、福建的稻谷;一些省份某些作物的优势地位在下降,如吉林的大豆和福建的甘蔗。各地要根据当地资源特点和市场需求,充分发挥优势作物的增产增收潜力。Studying the advantageous crops and changes of a region can provide reference for the adjustment of crop structure. According to the yield of 7 grain crops and 9 economic crops each province in 1982 and 2012, yield advantage index were computed. The advantageous crops of each province were determined based on the indexed. The result shows：①Different province has different advantageous crops. For instance in 2012, the advantageous provinces of rice are Jiangxi, Hainan, Fujian; the advantageous provinces of wheat are Xizang, Qinghai, Henan; the ad- vantageous province of soybean is Heilongjiang; the advantageous provinces of peanut are Liaoning, Beijing, Shandong; the advantageous prov- inces of rapeseed are Qinghai, Xizang, Sichuan, Shanghai, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Gansu ; cotton＇ s advantageous provinces are Tianjin, Xinjiang, Hebei; the advantageous province of sugarcane is Guangxi; the advantageous provinces of flue-cured tobacco are Chongqing, Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan. ②Different provinces have different change characteristics of the advantageous crops. In some provinces, some crops have been in a strong advantage position, but the advantageous degree is changing, for example, the beet＇s superiority has been strengthened but the advantage of soybean has been weaken in Heilongjiang province. Some crops＇ dominant position has not changed in a few provinces, as the peanut of Shandong. Moreover, some crops show an onward trend of the advantageous position, such as the rice of Jiangxi and Fujian. At the same time, a few crops show a downward trend of the advantageous position, as the soybean of Jilin and sugarcane of Fujian. Each province, ac- cording to local resource characteristics and market demand, should use the advantageous crops to give full play to the potential to increase pro- duction of crops.

关 键 词：优势作物 产量优势指数 变化 作物结构调整 

分 类 号：S-9[农业科学]