河北省不同时期育成大豆品种产量构成因子分析  

Analysis on the Yield Components of Soybean Cultivars Released in Different Stages of Hebei Province

作　　者：王凤敏[1] 赵双进[1] 王静华[1] 谷峰[1] 赵青松[1] 杨春燕[1] 张孟臣[1] 秦君[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/国家大豆改良中心石家庄分中心,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《大豆科学》2014年第6期830-836,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100880);河北省自然科学重点基金(C2012301020);河北省高层次人才创新工程(F12E03002);优秀留学回国人员一类重点资助(C2011006001)

摘　　要：通过对河北省1983-2011年育成审定的46个大豆品种进行了3年产量试验,分析了不同育种阶段品种产量与构成因子的关系。结果表明：不同品种间产量存在明显差异,1983-1985年育成品种产量在2 000-2 500kg·hm^-2,1989-2004年育成品种产量在3 000-3 500 kg·hm^-2,2004-2011年育成品种产量在3 500-4 500kg·hm^-2,2004-2011年育成品种的单株粒重和百粒重显著高于1983-1985年育成品种,增长率分别为44.34%和14.70%;相关分析表明,主茎节数、单株粒重与产量呈极显著正相关,植株形态性状、荚粒性状、品质性状间都存在密切的相关关系;主成分分析结果表明株高是决定产量最重要的因子,其次是主茎节数、有效荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重;在育种进程中,产量、株高、单株粒重和单株粒数的改良潜力较大,而蛋白含量的改良潜力较小,株高（93.58%）、主茎节数（89.68%）和百粒重（86.49%）的广义遗传力很高（85%以上）,其余性状的遗传力在65%以下,建议选育过程中对株高、主茎节数和百粒重进行早代选择。因此,适当增加植株高度,提高粒重是河北省育种方向之一;但在主抓影响产量的主要性状因子同时,应协调与主要因子相关的性状。The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between yield and other traits of 46 bred soybean cultivars in different stages for three years test. The results showed that the yield of those cultivars had significant difference. The yield in 1983-1985 was 2 000-2 500 kg·ha^- 1,in 1989-2004 was 3 000-3 500 kg·ha^- 1,in 2004-2011 was 3 500-4 500 kg·ha^- 1.Seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight of cultivars bred in 2004-2011 were significantly higher than those of cultivars bred in 1983-1985,the growth rate were 44. 34% and 14. 70% respectively. Correlation analysis showed that yield with number of nodes on main stem and seed weight per plant had very significant positive correlation. There were closely related among plant morphological traits,grain shape traits and quality traits. Principal component analysis showed that the most important factor was plant height,the more contribution factors were number of nodes on main stem,effective pods,seed number per plant,seed weight per plant. In the breeding process,yield,plant height,seed weight per plant and seeds number per plant had higher improved potential,protein content had lower potential,broad sense heritability of plant height,number of nodes on main stem and100-seed weight were higher than 85%,those traits were suggested selecting in the early generation. Therefore,the breeding direction in Hebei province were suitably increasing plant height and grain weight. But the main factors related with yield should coordinate with other traits at the same time.

关 键 词：河北省 不同年份 大豆 育成品种 产量构成因子 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]