基于高分辨率影像的家庭牧场草地利用单元划分  

Division of ecological site based on high resolution image in family ranch scale

作　　者：乌兰[1] 韩国栋[1] 乔江[2] 袁清[2] 闫瑞瑞[3] 王萨仁娜[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [4]内蒙古自治区遥感与地理信息系统重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《东北师大学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期130-138,共9页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD13B02);教育部和内蒙古草地资源可持续利用创新团队项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项基金资助项目(201003019);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2011MS0607)

摘　　要：利用高分辨率遥感影像ALOS和实地调查相结合的方法,对内蒙古呼伦贝尔市境内的典型家庭牧场进行了草地利用单元划分和状态-转换模型的构建,在家庭牧场尺度上开展了草地资源合理利用及资源优化的配置研究.结果表明:研究区草地可划分为两种利用单元,第一种为广泛分布于研究区的高平原-冲积物暗栗钙土-羊草(Leymus chinensis)+贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)草地单元,占草地面积的98%;第二种为位于5号牧场北部的低地滩地-草甸土-灰脉苔草(Carex appendiculata)+委陵菜(Potentilla chinensis)草地单元,仅占草地面积的2%.第一种草地利用单元的状态-转换模型存在羊草占优势和羊草退化的两个生态状态,依据演替顺序,第一个生态状态包括3个植物群丛,分别为羊草+贝加尔针茅+寸草苔(Carex duriuscula)、羊草+寸草苔、羊草+糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)+寸草苔群落,面积占77%;第二个生态状态只有糙隐子草+寸草苔1个群丛,面积占21%.说明该区草地退化状态不是很明显,通过一定的恢复措施可较易转换为羊草占优势的生态状态.The reasonable utilization of grassland resource and optimal allocation of resource was conducted on family ranch scale.Xieertala Town of Hulunber City and Chenbarhu Banner are taken as the study region in this research,utilizing ALOS high resolution remote sensing image,GIS technology and field survey,the ecological site was developed.At the same time,the state-and-transition model was established.The results showed that,the study area was divided into two kinds of ecological sites.One was high plain-alluvium dark chestnut soil-Leymus chinensis＋Stipa baicalensis and the area was 3 966hm2,which accounted for 98% of the whole grassland;The other was bottomlandmeadow soil-Carex appendiculata＋Potentilla chinensis and the area was 70hm2,that just accounted for 2%.There were two ecological states in the first kind of ecological site and one was L.chinensis dominated state,the other was L.chinensis degraded ecological state.According to the succession theory,there were three plant communities in L.chinensis dominated state,including L.chinensis＋S.baicalensis＋Carex duriuscula,L.chinensis＋C.duriusculaand L.chinensis＋Cleistogenes squarrosa＋C.duriuscula.There was one plant community that was the C.squarrosa＋C.duriuscula in L.chinensis degraded state.The area of two states was 77% and 21% respectively,which indicated that grassland degradation is not obvious in this region,and it was easier transformed to L.chinensis dominated state with some restoration.

关 键 词：草地利用单元 地形 植被 土壤 ALOS 状态-转换模型 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]