静电纺三维结构组织工程支架:应用中的问题与发展前景  

Three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds with electrospinning technique:application and prospects

作　　者：张楷乐[1] 王营[1] 郭旭然[2] 陈剑锋[2] 莫秀梅[2] 傅强[1] 陈嵘[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市第六人民医院泌尿外科,上海市200233 [2]上海东华大学化工与生物工程学院,上海市201620

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2014年第47期7653-7658,共6页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：上海市科委基础研究领域项目(14JC1492100):同轴共纺结合水纺技术制备载药纳米纱抑制组织工程尿道纤维化的实验研究~~

摘　　要：背景:静电纺技术制备的生物支架能够模拟细胞外基质的纳米纤维结构,因此在再生医学和组织工程领域受到了普遍关注。目的:回顾近年来在增加静电纺纳米纤维支架孔隙率,增大孔隙直径,促进细胞渗透的相关技术,以期发现最具有实用性和经济性的支架制作工艺。方法:由第一作者检索CNKI全文数据库、万方数据库及Pub Med数据库2004年1月至2014年10月的相关文献,检索关键词为"细胞渗透,静电纺,三维支架;cell infiltration,3D scaffold,electrospinning"。结果与结论:静电纺技术是目前制备纳米纤维支架的最有效方法,使用静电纺支架作为组织工程支架的基础研究逐年增加。然而,纳米纤维支架内部的纳米级孔隙使细胞只能局限于支架表面生长,因此近年来的研究热点已从制备二维支架向具有疏松多孔结构,能够促进细胞渗透生长的三维支架转换。从简单的调整电纺速率,改变电纺原料简易方法到需要各种复杂设备的方法已被应用于该领域的研究,但现有研究方法仍不成熟稳定,并且多数只应用于体外细胞植入或小动物皮下植入后观察研究,尚未将以上各类方法应用于具体器官的组织工程修复,仍需要进一步的长期比较性研究以证实各类方法的可行性。BACKGROUND：The electrospinning technique has been used to prepare biological scaffolds to simulate nano-fiber structure of extracelular matrix; therefore, widespread attention has been paid to the electrospinning technique in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE： To review the articles about increasing electrospun nanofiber scaffold porosity, enlarging pore diameter, promoting cel infiltration with related technologies, in order to discover the most practical and economical technology. METHODS：The first author retrieved CNKI database, Wanfang database and PubMed with the keywords of “cel infiltration, 3D scaffold, electrospinning” in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature retrieval period was from January 2004 to October 2014. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Electrospinning technology is the most effective method for preparation ofnanofiber scaffolds. Electrospinning scaffolds as tissue engineering scaffolds have become an issue of concern in the basic research year by year. However, the internal nano-scale pore of nanofiber scaffolds limits the cels to grow on the surface, so recent research has been focused on highly porous three-dimensional structure which can promote the permeable growth of cels instead of two-dimensional scaffolds. Several techniques have been used, which go from the adjustment of materials and speed of electrospinning to the applications of various kinds of complicated machines. However, the existing researches are stil not mature and stable, the majority of which are applied onlyin vitro as cel implantation or subcutaneous implantation in smal animals. The above-mentioned methods stil need long-term comparative studies to confirm the feasibility in the tissue-engineered repair of organs.

关 键 词：生物材料 纳米材料 静电纺 细胞渗透 三维结构 组织工程 支架 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]