不同灌水技术要素组合下畦灌灌水深度的控制目标  

Irrigation water depth control targets under different combination of irrigation technique elements for border irrigation

作　　者：吴彩丽[1,2] 许迪[1,2] 白美健[1,2] 李益农[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第24期67-73,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划重点项目课题(2011AA100505);国家自然科学基金项目(51279225);水利部公益项目(201301011)

摘　　要：研究地面灌溉反馈控制技术,加强对灌溉过程的控制和管理是当前改进地面灌溉技术的重点所在。该文基于以往研究成果,结合农民实际灌水经验,提出3种灌水深度控制目标(即田面最小灌水深度大于0时关口,入渗最小的1/4区域的平均灌水深度等于灌溉需水量时关口,田面最小灌水深度等于灌溉需水量时关口),并借助灌溉模拟模型以确定关口时间,从而控制灌溉水量。将田间试验与数值模拟相结合,分析不同土质、地形、畦长、入畦单宽流量下灌溉性能指标值对3种灌水深度控制目标的响应关系,确定不同灌水技术要素组合下适宜的灌水深度控制目标。结果表明,灌水深度控制目标对灌溉性能指标值的影响程度受畦长影响最为明显,其次是田面坡度和土质、再后是田面平整精度,入畦流量的影响不明显。砂壤和黏壤土质下畦长为50 m时,灌水深度控制目标取入渗最小的1/4区域的平均灌水深度等于灌溉需水量时关口最佳;畦长为100 m时,零坡度下灌水深度控制目标取田面最小灌水深度大于0时关口最佳,有坡度下取入渗最小的1/4区域的平均灌水深度等于灌溉需水量时关口最佳;畦长为150 m时,除黏壤土有坡度田面平整精度好的情况采用入渗最小的1/4区域的平均灌水深度等于灌溉需水量时关口最佳外,其他建议采用田面最小灌水深度大于0时关口。研究成果为畦灌反馈控制方案的制定提供了决策依据。Studying surface irrigation feedback control technology and strengthening the control and management of the irrigation process is a key to improve the surface irrigation technology. Surface irrigation feedback control methods usually include an accurate estimation of surface irrigation control parameters by field observational data, irrigation time, and appropriate adjustment of the flow rate to achieve a finer control for the whole process of irrigation. In this paper, three irrigation water depth control targets were proposed based on the results of previous studies in combination with irrigation experiences. The irrigation target was to determine the time stopping irrigation using irrigation model so as to control the quantity of irrigation water. Based on large numbers of field measured data, BI1 D, a one dimensional hydrodynamic model of border irrigation based on the hybrid numerical method, was used. This study combines field experiment and numerical simulation to analyze the response of irrigation performance index under treatments of irrigation water depth control targets to different combinations of irrigation technique elements such as soil texture, topography, border length, unit inflow rate, and other factors, thereby determining the suitable irrigation water depth control target. The results showed that： 1） Irrigation depth control targets had an significant effect on the irrigation performance index, which were related with soil texture, slope, the length of border and land leveling precision. So, it could improve irrigation performance effectively by reasonable selection of irrigation depth control objectives. The influence of the irrigation water depth control target on irrigation performance was most obvious when length of border changes, followed by the surface slope, finally by land smooth precision. When the border length was 50 m and the soil texture was sandy loam or clay loam, the best target was that the irrigation water depth of quarter field length was equal to minimum irrigation wa

关 键 词：控制 灌溉 土壤 技术要素 畦灌 灌水深度 目标 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]