基于计时与光照法的坡面径流量及含沙量动态检测系统  

Dynamic measured system for hillslope runoff rate and sediment concentration based on time method and illumination method

作　　者：曾为军[1] 张云伟[2] 陈岭[1] 王大龙[1] 董晓伟[1] 王彦钧 

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院,昆明650500 [2]昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第24期114-123,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31060118)

摘　　要：针对坡面径流及泥沙含量传统测量方法存在精度不高且难以在坡面现场在线同步测量的问题,该文提出了一种基于计时法和光照法的径流量与含沙量测量方法,设计了坡面径流量及泥沙含量同步在线检测的自动检测系统。阐述了该系统中机械装置和电子测控的设计方案和工作原理,并设计了光照法测量含沙量的辅助试验系统。通过试验,发现影响含沙量测量精确度的主要因素为光源与光敏传感器之间的距离及溶液中泥沙分布均匀度,揭示了A/D转换值随含沙量变化而单调变化的规律。通过试验获得了溶液搅拌最佳电机转速为428 r/min,并运用最小二乘法和统计学理论对数据进行分析,确定了当该系统的光源和光敏传感器之间的距离为30 mm时,光照法测量含沙量的精确度最高。最后,将试验结果与理论计算值进行对比,结果表明除了浓度为1-3 kg/m^3的溶液所测得的泥沙含量误差率较大外,其余溶度的误差率均小于1%,论证了光照法测量含沙量的可行性。该研究可为推进水土保持动态监测理论方法及技术提供参考。In the research of soil erosion and loss, slope runoff volume and sediment concentration are two important hydrodynamic parameters to forecast slope runoff variation, reveal soil erosion mechanism and find movement rule of soil on hill slope. There is still no special instrument which can be widely used to measure runoff rate and sediment concentration. In fact, slope runoff volume and sediment concentration should be obtained in one testing at the same time, and then the testing data can be valuable for scientific research. Therefore, it has significant meaning to develop on-line equipments to measure slope runoff and sediment concentration accurately and synchronously. In order to resolve this problem, an automatic testing device for detection of runoff rate and sediment concentration was designed based on time method and illumination method, which could overcome the shortage of traditional methods. Its working principles and electronic controlling section were described. The automatic testing device is composed of two parts, the mechanical device and the electronic testing component. The mechanical device consists of funnel-shaped device and sampling device. The electronic testing component includes three parts, i.e. runoff volume measure and control, sediment concentration measure and control, and digital display. Data acquisition and processing are performed by electronic testing component. The software design employed automatic cycle way to control SCM（single chip microcomputer） working. The testing data was saved in EEPROM of SCM. An additional experimental system was proposed for measuring sediment concentration by using above system. It is composed of measure device and testing circuit control. During the measurement of sediment concentration, keeping stirring solution is necessary to avoid silt sinking at bottom, and this is helpful to improve testing accuracy. Testing accuracy of sediment concentration is mainly affected by two factors： distance from light source to light sensor and sediment dist

关 键 词：径流 泥沙 侵蚀 径流量 含沙量 光照法 时间法 数据拟合 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]