超级电容串联储能系统的并联电容均压方法  

Voltage equalizing method of energy storage system based on series connected supercapacitors

作　　者：于鹏[1,2] 杨仁刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信电学院,北京100083 [2]渤海大学工学院,辽宁121013

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第24期133-140,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863高技术基金项目(2012AA050217)

摘　　要：针对现有超级电容串联模组均压电路对A/D采样电路精度要求高,均压速度受串联电容数量影响大的瓶颈问题,该文提出一种超级电容串联模组并联电容均压方法,包括通过开关与电感级联的并联电容均压电路和开关控制方法。该文基于离散时域法对储能系统状态向量进行了分析,验证了该均压电路的均压特性。应用时域仿真验证了计算结果。通过静置仿真试验验证4支电容均压时间与2支电容均压时间相同。最后该文进行了物理试验,设计了试验样机。理论分析、仿真和物理试验结果验证了该方法在超级电容模组静置、充电、放电工况下都具有均压作用,均压过程无需调用采样电路数据既可实现电压均衡,均压速度受串联电容数量影响小。This paper presents a novel voltage equalizer to equalize the voltage of series connected supercapacitors. The discrete time domain analysis is enhanced by applying diagonal matrix to accelerate the computation of circuit models. The simulation experiments were carried out for verification of the equalization effect and the algorithm efficiency. A voltage equalization prototype based on calculation parameters was created to validate the mathematics model and the simulation result. The new voltage equalizer named parallel capacitor equalizer with dynamic equalization characteristic is based on the net of switches, inductors, and capacitors. The unbalance charge is transferred from the supercapacitor to the balance capacitor through the switch. When the switch is in the off state, the unbalance energy is transferred between the balance capacitors. With the energy transfer process, the high voltage of the supercapacitor will decrease and the low voltage of the supercapacitor will increase. This energy transfer process will continue until the balanced state of series supercapacitors is achieved. One characteristic of this circuit is that the high precision A/D conversion is not necessary for the balancing process. The second characteristic of the circuit is that the balancing process is performed in parallel sequence. As a result, the balancing time will not increase linearly with the increase of the connected supercapacitor number. With the switch action, the unbalanced charges are transferred from the supercapacitor with high voltage to the supercapacitor with low voltage through balance capacitor. The discrete time domain analysis is used to establish the mathematics model of the equalization circuit. Because the iterated algorithm of typical discrete time domain analysis has large calculating quantity, the diagnose matrix was used to simplify the result of the difference equation. The compute step of enhanced discrete time domain analysis is shown below. First, the differential equations were built up to describe

关 键 词：电容 储能 电压控制 串联 均压 离散时域 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]