覆盖及堆积高度对肉牛粪便温室气体排放的影响  

Effect of covering on greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle solid manure stored at different stack heights

作　　者：朱海生[1] 董红敏[2] 左福元[1] 袁丰[1] 饶骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学荣昌校区动物科学系,重庆402460 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第24期225-231,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(XDJK2011C028);西南大学博士基金(08BSr05)

摘　　要：为了研究覆盖对不同堆积高度肉牛固体粪便温室气体(N2O、CH4和CO2)排放量的影响,试验采用静态箱的方法研究了20和40 cm堆积高度时覆盖或者不覆盖情况下肉牛粪便温室气体的排放量。结果表明,堆积40 cm的牛粪CH4的累积排放量显著高于20 cm处理,而N2O和CO2累积排放量显著降低。覆盖显著增加了牛粪N2O的排放量和40 cm高度牛粪的CH4排放量,降低了40 cm高度牛粪CO2的排放量,而对20 cm高度牛粪CH4和CO2排放无显著影响。根据CH4和N2O在100 a尺度上相对CO2的全球增温潜势计算出综合温室效应,无覆盖处理的20和40 cm牛粪的综合温室效应分别为(101.07±6.28)和(94.67±3.29)g/kg,覆盖处理的20和40 cm牛粪的综合温室效应分别为(104.20±6.78)和(103.43±3.21)g/kg,堆积高度为40 cm且无覆盖的综合温室效应最小。The greenhouse gases such as methane（CH4）, nitrous oxide（N2O）, and carbon dioxide（CO2） have increased in atmospheric concentration since 1 750, attracting more and more attention regarding climate change. Agriculture activities contribute to the increase of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere, resulting in a higher global warming potential, which is estimated to contribute about 47%-58% of the total anthropogenic emissions of CH4 and N2 O, respectively. Storage of animal manure is reported to be a significant agricultural source of methane and nitrous oxide. Generally, greenhouse gas emissions from animal manure can be influenced by storage stacking configuration and covering during storage. However, there are large uncertainties in this estimation. In order to quantify N2 O, CH4, and CO2 emissions from covered beef cattle solid manure compared with uncovered manure stored at different stack heights during storage, four treatments were designed including a stack height of 20 cm without covering（H20）, a tack height of 40 cm without covering（H40）, a stack height of 20 cm with a 2 cm sawdust covering（H20C）, and a stack height of 40 cm with a 2 cm sawdust covering（H40C）, and the treatments were replicated three times. Thus, twelve polyvinylchloride cylindrical（30 cm in diameter and 90 cm in height） static vessels were designed and built to measure greenhouse gas emissions in the laboratory experiment. The stacking process commenced on May 29, 2014, and was measured for 49 days. The results showed that manure stack height significantly affected GHG emissions from beef cattle solid manure for both manure with covering and without covering. Compared with the lower stack height（20 cm）, the higher stack height（40 cm） increased 40.91% and 61.29% CH4 cumulative emissions per unit of manure weight for covered manure and uncovered manure, respectively, But it decreased by 38.06% and 35.21% N2 O cumulative emissions, and 43.68% and 55.12% CO2 cumulative emissions per kg of man

关 键 词：粪便 温室气体 排放控制 堆积高度 覆盖 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]