我国公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况Meta分析的初步探讨  

Meta-analysis on Hygienic Indexes in Central Air Conditioning Ventilation Systems in Public Buildings in China

作　　者：金鑫[1] 韩旭[1] 朱文玲[1] 耿莉[1] 孙波[1] 王艳[1] 姚孝元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2014年第6期538-543,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：原卫生部<公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范>修订项目

摘　　要：目的对近年来我国公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生指标进行Meta分析。方法通过检索Pub Med、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库和万方数据库,得到2006—2013年有关我国公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生指标的研究文献,对纳入的文献采用Meta分析法进行分析。结果本研究共纳入138篇文献,涉及全国22个省、自治区和直辖市。我国公共场所集中空调通风系统送风中可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌的合并合格率分别为72.11%（95%CI 65.05%-78.65%）、71.41%（95%CI 66.06%-76.47%）、84.14%（95%CI 80.05%-87.84%）、99.55%（95%CI 98.97%-99.89%）,风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为81.14%（95%CI 75.30%-86.36%）、89.05%（95%CI 85.45%-92.20%）、87.26%（95%CI 83.48%-90.61%）。分层比较我国南北方地区,2006—2013各研究年份间,宾馆、商场超市和医院不同场所间,不同城市间的公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生指标合格率,经统计学检验大部分指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但大部分指标的合格率呈波动上升趋势,送风卫生指标合格率低于风管内表面卫生指标合格率。结论我国对公共场所集中空调通风系统的卫生管理有明显成效,但仍需重点关注送风卫生指标的监测和监管。Objectives To analyse the hygienic indexes in central air conditioning ventilation systems in pub- lic buildings in China. Methods Studies about the hygienic indexes in central air conditioning ventilation systems in public buildings during 2006-2013 were searched by PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases. Pooled estimates were summarized by Meta-analysis. Results 138 eligible studies were included in this Meta-analysis, related to 22 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The pooled qualified rate of PM10, total bacteria count, total fungi count, and β-hemolytic streptococcus in supply air samples were 72. 11% （95% CI 65.05% - 78.65%）, 71.41% （95% CI 66.06%-76.47%）, 84.14% （95% CI 80.05%-87.84%） and 99.55% （95% CI 98.97% - 99.89% ）, respectively. The qualified rates of dust, total bacteria count, and total fungi count on the ducts surface were 81.14% （95% CI 75.30% - 86.36%）, 89.05% （95% CI 85.45% - 92. 20% ）, 87.26% （95% CI 83.48% - 90. 61% ）, respectively. There were no significant differences （P 〉 0. 05） of the pooled qualified rates of almost hygienic indexes between the southern and northern areas in China, among the years from 2006 to 2013, among different public buildings of hotels, supermarkets and hospitals, and among different cities, through stratified comparison）. However, the pooled qualified rate of almost hygienic indexes showed a rising trend, and the pooled qualified rate of hygienic indexes in supply air samples is lower than the pooled quali- fied rate of hygienic indexes on ducts surface. Conclusions The hygienic management of central air conditioning ventilation systems in public buildings in China has obtained obvious effect, but it＇s still needed to supervise and monitor the hygienic indexes in air supplied outlet in central air conditioning ventilation systems.

关 键 词：公共场所 集中空调 META分析 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]