8个鸭群体MC1R基因A399G位点变异分析  

A399G Mutation Site Analysis of MC1R Gene in the Eight Duck Populations

作　　者：辛清武[1] 郑嫩珠[1] 朱志明[1] 缪中纬[1] 陈晖[1] 陈红萍 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,福州350013 [2]福建省龙岩市畜牧水产局,福建龙岩364000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第35期69-73,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目--省属公益类科研院所专项"黒番鸭高产优质专门化品系选育"(2010R1025-6);福建省农业科学院科技创新项目--"大型黑番鸭与白鹭鸭的规模化养殖技术与产业化应用"(cxtd-2-1314)

摘　　要：为了检测鸭MC1R基因的多态性,并分析其多态性在家鸭、白番鸭、半番鸭各品种中的分布情况,以8个鸭品种/群体共769只鸭为研究对象,采用PCR产物直接测序的方法寻找MC1R基因编码区可能存在的SNP突变位点。结果发现,MC1R基因编码区399 bp处发生了A→G的碱基突变,经分析为限制性内切酶Hin61的识别位点。针对该酶切位点,利用PCR-RFLP方法鉴定A399G位点的基因多态性。结果显示:(1)该位点对羽色未造成影响。半番鸭中,该位点在黑羽半番鸭中表现一种基因型AG,在白羽半番鸭中虽存在AG和GG 2种基因型,但GG频率相当低,只有0.019,差异不显著(P>0.05);半番鸭母本中,该位点在羽色极端且亲缘关系相近的莆田黑鸭和小型白羽半番鸭母本中只呈现单一基因型GG。(2)该位点对品种产生极显著影响。该位点基因型在白番鸭、家鸭内均呈单态分布,其中白番鸭的基因型全为AA,而家鸭的基因型全为GG;该位点在半番鸭群体中呈低度多态,基因型AG占绝对优势(0.982),GG几乎为零(0.018)。经卡方独立性检验,MC1R基因A399G突变位点各基因型分布在家鸭、番鸭、半番鸭各品种中的分布差异极显著(P<0.01),这从本质上有效鉴定和区分家鸭、白番鸭和半番鸭三类鸭群体,并为番鸭保种提供了新的方法。In order to detect the polymorphism of MCIR gene and analyze the distribution of polymorphism in domestic duck, white Muscovy and mule duck, 769 individuals of 8 duck populations were studied for searching single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） by PCR direct sequencing. The results showed there had a synonymy mutation at A399G in MC1R gene, which could be restricted by Hin61 enzyme. Then, the polymorphism of the restriction enzyme site was detected by using PCR-RFLP. The results showed that two genotypes AG and GG were detected in individuals with white plumage, while only genotype AG was detected in those with black plumage in mule duck. Only GG genotype was found in the Putian black duck and the female parent of white feather mule duck. There was no significant association between the polymorphism of MC1R gene and the plumage color of duck was discovered. There was no polymorphism in domestic duck and white muscovy duck. Only AA genotype was found in white muscovy duck and GG genotype was found in domestic duck. The genotype AG was found in most individuals of mule duck and GG genotype in a few of individuals. The genotypes distribution at A399G mutation site were significantly different （P〈0.01） among the three duck breeds by chi-square Test. The research provides a new method for identification and distinguishing domestic duck, white muscovy duck, mule duck, and conservation of Muscovy duck.

关 键 词：鸭 MC1R基因 PCR-RFLP 基因多态性 

分 类 号：S834[农业科学—畜牧学]