山西暴雨的天气气候学分析  

Shanxi Storm Weather and Climate Analysis

作　　者：卢淑贤 秦春英[2] 刘海文[3] 乔金海 李延晖[5] 梁凤娟[6] 

机构地区：[1]山西省气象科研所,太原030002 [2]山西省气象影视中心,太原030002 [3]成都信息工程学院,成都610225 [4]大同市气象局,山西大同037000 [5]山西省大气探测技术保障中心,太原030002 [6]内蒙古巴彦淖尔市气象局,内蒙古临河015000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第35期210-219,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省科技发展计划项目"山西省动力统计暴雨预报集合系统"

摘　　要：利用1957—2009年NCEP常规气象资料,从暴雨时空分布特征等角度,结合天气动力学、统计学等方法,对山西暴雨进行天气气候的分析研究。结果表明:(1)从气候学上讲,中条山东部是山西暴雨的极值中心,降水极值中心强度到达94 mm。发生暴雨频次最多的地方主要位于太行山南麓延伸至中条山东部的晋东南和晋南地区。另一个出现暴雨次数比较多的地区位于五台山附近,显示出山西特殊地形对山西暴雨的增幅作用。(2)50多年来,山西暴雨次数有着显著的年代际变化特征,1957—1982年,山西暴雨处于发生次数较多阶段,1983—2002年,山西暴雨处于次数较少阶段;2003年以后,山西又处于暴雨明显增加阶段。(3)形成山西暴雨的暖湿气团可能是南亚季风向北伸进的结果,暴雨发生日,320 K等墒面上,在山西附近形成一个高位涡中心,其和来自低纬度的暖湿空气,在山西附近相交绥,导致山西暴雨的产生。From the perspective of rainstorm temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, the research used NCEP conventional meteorological data 1957-2009, combined with weather dynamics and statistics methods, to analyze and study the weather and climate of rainstorm in Shanxi. The results showed that： （1） from climatology, the east of Zhongtiao Mountain was the extremum center of rainstorm in Shanxi, the strength of extreme precipitation center could reach 94 mm. The place of most frequent rainstorm occurrence was in the south of Taihang Mountain, extending to the southeastern Shanxi Area and southern Shanxi area at the east of Zhongtiao Mountain. Another rainstorm frequently occurred place was near the Mount Wutai in Shanxi, showing the enhanced effect of the special terrain of Shanxi on rainstorm. （2） For more than 50 years, rainstorm frequency in Shanxi had decadal variations, from 1957 to 1982, there was more frequency of rainstorms in Shanxi, while from 1983 to 2002, there were fewer rainstorms; after 2003, frequency of rainstorms in Shanxi had been in the increasing stage; （3） the warm air mass for formation of rainstorm in Shanxi was probably the extending of south Asian monsoon to northward, on rainstorm day and 320K isentropic surface, forming a high potential vorticity center in the vicinity of Shanxi, and interacting with the warm moist air from low latitude and resulting in rainstorm in Shanxi.

关 键 词：暴雨日数 暴雨频次 时空分布 天气气候 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]