不同作物种植垦作对水土流失影响研究  

The Studies on the Effects of Planting of Different Field Crops on the Soil Erosion and Water Loss

作　　者：罗兴录[1] 樊吴静[1] 杨鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第36期232-236,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"广西复合农林生态系统土壤侵蚀过程与预测"(U1033004-09)

摘　　要：为探讨不同大田作物对水土流失的影响,对甘蔗、木薯、玉米3种作物种植的水土流失状况进行了研究。结果表明:不同作物的水土流失量及土壤养分流失量均有显著差异。3种不同作物种植的水土流失量及土壤养分流失量大小均表现为:玉米>木薯>甘蔗。其中,玉米水分、土壤、土壤速效氮、磷、钾及土壤有机质的流失量分别比木薯增加了15.00%、30.44%、35.53%、34.73%、31.84%、34.80%;木薯分别比甘蔗增加了41.60%、39.66%、46.86%、41.57%、54.75%、41.89%。由此可见,不同的作物垦种和栽培管理过程对耕地水土流失的影响有明显差异。玉米种植垦种和栽培管理过程耕地水土流失量最大,其次是木薯,再次是甘蔗。旱地尤其是旱坡地不同作物适当轮作,不仅有利于调节土壤肥力,而且有利于保持水土。The effects of farming of the sugarcane, cassava, maize planting on the soil erosion and water loss were studied in this test to investigate the impacts of planting of different field crops on the water and soil loss. The results showed that the amounts of the water, soil and soil nutrient loss were significantly different of different field crops, and ranked as follows： maize〉cassava〉sugarcane. Compared with cassava, the maize＇ s losses of water, soil, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in soil increased by 15.00%, 30.44%, 35.53%, 34.73%, 31.84%, 34.80%, respectively; and compared with sugarcane, the cassava＇ s losses of water, soil, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter in soil increased by 41.60%, 39.66%, 46.86%,41.57%, 54.75%, 41.89%, respectively. Thus, there were significant differences in the effects of different kinds of cultivated crops and the management process on the soil erosion. The farmland soil and water erosion amount of maize cultivation was the largest, the second was cassava and the third was sugar cane. Appropriate crop rotation, especially in slope upland is not only good for the adjustment of soil fertility but also for the conservation of soil and water.

关 键 词：不同作物 垦种 水土流失 土壤养分流失 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]