在自由民主主义与专制主义之间:政党中心主义的起源分析  

Between the Liberal-Democracy and Despotism:the Origin of the Party-Centralism

作　　者：张翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2015年第1期111-119,共9页Socialism Studies

摘　　要：政党中心主义是政治现代化的一种模式,但学界对其起源的四种分析范式,即传统延续论、革命需要论、苏联影响论与发展中情形论,并不令人满意。事实上,政党中心主义处于自由民主主义与专制主义两端的谱系之间。因此,一种新的解释模式是将政党中心主义所处的政治生态置于自由民主主义与专制主义之间的谱系中。从政治生态的结构要素、文化要素与行动者要素三个方面进行分析会发现,"国家—社会"结构的"双弱"格局、政治派系结构的"两极化"、政治文化的"对立性张力"、执政党的严密组织性是政党中心主义起源的关键成因。俄国、中国、法国三个国家在政治现代化进程中所具有的政党中心主义特质可以为这种新的解释模式提供验证。当然,政党中心主义并非一个固化的政治现象,而是一个动态的发展过程。在这一过程中,政党中心主义也面临不同的发展取向。俄国与法国都恢复到专制主义,而中国则继续探索政党中心主义的政治现代化模式。The Party-Centralism is a special mode of the political modernization. At present, four types of analytical paradigms are not sufficient. These paradigms include the view of traditional effect, the view of revolutionary effect, the view of Soviet influence and the view of developing condition. In fact, Party- Centralism is the special mode between liberal-democracy and despotism. So, it is a new interpretation that putting the political ecology of Party-Centralism into the spectrum between liberal-democracy and despotism. By analyzing the three aspects of political ecology, which include the structure, the culture and the actor, we can find the key causes to the origin of the party-centralism. These causes are composed of three parts, including the ＂double weak＂ of the ＂state - society＂ structure and the ＂polarization＂ pattern of the party＇s structure, the tension of the opposite political culture is the course, and the strict organization of the ruling party. The process of political modernization in Russia, China and France can provide evidences for this interpretation.

关 键 词：政党 政党中心主义 自由民主主义 专制主义 政治生态 

分 类 号：D60[政治法律—政治学]