佩戴定制耳塞对远洋船员听力保护效果的追踪分析  

Retrospective analysis on the protection of custom-made hearing earplugs worn by oceangoing seafarers

作　　者：冯鸿义[1] 曹恒富[1] 刘学林 郎燕梅[3] 

机构地区：[1]江阴市疾病预防控制中心,江苏省江阴214434 [2]解放军第五一五医院 [3]东南大学附属江阴医院

出　　处：《中华航海医学与高气压医学杂志》2014年第5期324-328,共5页Chinese Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine

基　　金：2012年度江苏省预防医学科研课题立项项目（Y2012042）

摘　　要：目的 研究定制耳塞对远航船员听力保护的长期效果,为制定相应的卫生保障措施提供科学依据.方法 选择远洋测量船机舱区120名接触噪声船员,佩戴定制防护耳塞,作为定制耳塞组;另选择性别、年龄、海龄和作业环境相近的40名船员作为对照,佩戴市售耳塞,称市售耳塞组.于2007-2011年连续跟踪4年,比较2组船员听阈变化及不适反应发生等情况.结果 测量船机舱区域噪声以中高频为主,强度在73.3～102.7 dB（A）之间,其LEX,8h≥85dB（A）.跟踪调查佩戴定制耳塞船员4年,其各频率听阈无明显变化（P＞0.05）;4年后耳聋发生率由4年前的7.5％上升到9.6％,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.定制耳塞佩戴较舒适,不适反应小,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 远洋测量船在执行任务期间其噪声作业环境对船员听力产生不良影响,定制耳塞是针对船员个人外耳道结构量身定制的个体防护用品,对防护船员听力有积极作用.Objective To investigate long-term protective effects of custom-made hearing earplugs on the hearing of oceangoing seafarers,so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of related countermeasures against noise-induced hearing damage.Methods One hundred and twenty noise-exposed ship crew members,who were randomly selected from the engineering department of the surveillance ship and wore custom-made hearing protection earplugs （HPE） were chosen as the custom-made hearing protection earplug group.Other 40 ship crew members with similar age,years of sea service and gender,who wore earlyplugs readily available from market,were chosen as the market ear-plug group.A follow-up study was made for successively 4 years from 2007 to 2011,and then,changes in hearing thresholds and adverse reactions were compared between the crews of the 2 groups.Results Noise in the engineering department of the surveillance ship was mainly medium and high frequency noise and intensity was between 73.3 dB （A） and 102.7 dB （A）,with LEX,8h ≥ 85 dB （A）.A 4-year consecutive investigation on the seafarers wearing the custom-made earplugs indicated that there was no significant changes in the hearing threshold at various frequencies （P ＞0.05）.Four years later,incidence of deafness among the seafarers increased from 7.5％ to 9.6％,but without statistical significance （P ＞ 0.05）.Custom-made earplugs were more comfortable to wear,with little discomfort,and statistical significance could be noted,when compared with the control group （P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusions Noise environment onboard the surveillance ship had adverse effects on the hearing of seafarers during prolonged operation at sea.Custom-made earplugs were individual hearing protection devices that were designed and built according to individual outer ear canal structures,for that reason,they could offer positive hearing protection for the ship crew.

关 键 词：远洋船员 定制耳塞 听力损失 追踪调查 

分 类 号：R83[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]