高寒山区地表温度测算方法研究综述  

An Overview of Measurement and Calculation Methods on the Land Surface Temperature on Alpine Mountainous Cold Regions

作　　者：阳勇[1,2] 陈仁升[1,2] 宋耀选[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《地球科学进展》2014年第12期1383-1393,共11页Advances in Earth Science

基　　金：冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目"高寒山区不同植被覆盖条件下地表温度对比观测与估算"(编号:SKLCS-OP-2013-06);国家自然科学基金项目"黑河寒区水文过程小流域综合观测与模拟"(编号:91025011)资助

摘　　要：地表温度直接影响高寒山区冰川、积雪消融,冻土分布、消融和产汇流过程,蒸散发以及植被分布和演替等过程是寒区地表陆面过程、水文过程以及生态—水文过程研究的重要参数。系统总结了高寒山区地表温度的主要影响因素以及不同获取方法。研究结果认为海拔、地形和植被覆盖是影响高寒山区地表温度的主要因素。地面实测、遥感反演和模式估算是目前获取地表温度的主要手段,但在高寒山区三者均具有一定局限性:地面实测局限于实测点,难以反应区域坡面的地表温度;遥感反演受限于物理机制、地面验证和时空分辨率等,难以满足高寒山区地表生态—水文过程研究的高精度需求;模式估算试验点尺度地表温度精度较高,但在区域尺度上精度有所下降。未来的工作应加强高寒山区地表温度观测并提高模式精度,构建和发展普适性的山区任意地形和不同植被覆盖条件下的高精度地表温度计算公式,满足山区相关研究的需求。Land surface temperature on alpine mountainous cold regions, which is one of basic parameters of the regional hydrological and meteorological conditions, directly affects glacial recession, snow melt, distribution and freezing-thawing process of permafrost, evapotranspiration, vegetation growth, and various underlying surface change process, and then changes the regional hydrological and ecological environment, becomes the important pa- rameter of the research on land surface process and the study of eeo-hydrological process. This paper tried to pro- vide an overview of research on land surface temperature, and to introduce its influence factors and the ways to ob- tain land surface temperature data in high mountainous cold region. Relative to low elevation plain, the land surface temperature was significantly affected by local altitude, terrain and plant cover. There were some mothods to obtain land surface temperature, such as measurement in situ, retrieval based on remote sensing and calculation by land surface process models, but there were some limitations while used on alpine mountainous cold regions. Land sur- face temperature data from meteorological stations were only about level bare ground, and the influence of terrain or vegetable cover was not considered. Therefore, the data could not represent the information of region scale on mountainous area. Land surface temperature retrieval from remote sensing data, because of calculation theory, ground observation verification and spatiotemporal resolution, made it difficult to fulfill research on hydrology, land surface process and eco-hydrological process in alpine mountainous area. Land surface process models estimated land surface temperature in the experimental sites with high accuracy, but reduced the accuracy while upscale to the region scale on the mountainous cold area, because of the error from input control meteorological, soil and plant variables, and the error of ground observation site verification. The future research on land surface temperatur

关 键 词：地形 植被 实测 估算 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]