CRISPR/Cas系统及其在昆虫基因功能研究中的应用  

CRISPR/Cas: the emerging tool for insect genomic study

作　　者：张敏菁 张春红[1] 孙学鹏[2] 李红叶[2] 祝增荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学昆虫科学研究所,杭州310029 [2]浙江大学生物技术研究所,杭州310029

出　　处：《生命科学》2015年第1期99-106,共8页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划("973"计划)(2010CB126200);农业部公益性(农业)行业项目(2014-03030);科技部十二五科技支撑项目(2012BAD19B01);国家自然科学基金项目(31371935);上海市长三角科技联合攻关项目(13395810100)

摘　　要：近年来在众多细菌和古细菌中发现一类成簇的、有规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)结构家族,通过对其及相关基因(CRISPR-associated genes,Cas gene)的系统研究得知,它是生物体长期进化形成的获得性免疫系统,由RNA介导,降解入侵病毒或者噬菌体DNA。众多研究者将CRISPR/Cas系统改造成第三代人工核酸酶,用于靶向编辑基因组,目前已广泛应用于人类细胞、小鼠、大鼠、斑马鱼、细菌、果蝇、酵母、线虫等。综述了此系统的基本结构、原理及在昆虫上的应用、展望前景,为今后开展昆虫基因功能研究提供一定的技术参考。The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR） system was originally discov- ered as acquired immunity system in numerous bacteria and archaea. Systematic analysis of CRISPR and its associ- ated genes （CASs） revealed the crucial roles in defending external invasion of viruses and phages via RNA- mediated DNA degrading. The natural CRISPRJCas system has been remolded as the third generation artificial nuclease, which is a powerful and promising tool for targeted genome editing. Currently, CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing has been successfully applied in a increasing number of species, such as human, mice, rats, zebrafish, bacteria, fruit flies, yeast and nematodes. In this paper, we reviewed the structural basis and mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas system, and discussed the prospective application in insect genomics, to provide some technical references for insect gene function study in the future.

关 键 词：CRISPR/Cas9系统 昆虫 基因组编辑技术 同源重组 

分 类 号：Q789[生物学—分子生物学] Q819