高CO2浓度和固氮菌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫食物利用效率的影响  

Effects of elevated CO_2 and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on food utilization efficiency in Prodenia litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

作　　者：朱敏[1] 孟玲[1] 李保平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院、农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第2期333-339,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003,201103032)

摘　　要："补偿取食"假说认为CO2浓度升高后植食性昆虫会增大取食量以弥补植物组织中氮素营养的不足。但实证研究并非都支持该假说。用人工智能气候箱设置CO2浓度(390μL/L和780μL/L)和固氮菌(有、无)等2因素4处理,种植菜豆饲喂刚蜕皮进入4龄的斜纹夜蛾幼虫,测定其取食和食物利用效率。协方差分析结果表明,CO2浓度与固氮菌互作对斜纹夜蛾幼虫取食量具有显著影响,在无固氮菌处理下,斜纹夜蛾幼虫对高CO2浓度处理的菜豆取食量明显高于当前CO2浓度处理的;而在有固氮菌处理下,斜纹夜蛾幼虫对高CO2浓度下菜豆的取食量又比当前CO2浓度处理下的低。固氮菌对斜夜蛾4龄幼虫最终体重没有显著影响,但高CO2浓度处理的4龄幼虫终体重大于当前CO2浓度处理的幼虫。CO2浓度、固氮菌及其互作对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的相对取食率(RCR)和相对生长率(RGR)具有显著影响,在当前CO2浓度处理下,斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫的RCR和RGR在有、无固氮菌处理之间没有显著差异;但在升高CO2浓度下,无固氮菌处理下的RCR和RGR显著大于有固氮菌处理。CO2浓度及其与固氮菌互作显著影响近似消化率(AD),在无固氮菌处理下,CO2浓度升高使AD增大;但在有固氮菌、CO2浓度升高下,其AD略有降低。CO2浓度和固氮菌双因素处理对消化食物转化率(ECD)无显著影响。研究结果支持"补偿取食"假说。The ＂compensatory feeding hypothesis＂ proposes that herbivorous insects may increase their plant consumption to compensate for the deficiency of Nitrogen in the plant tissue consumed under elevated CO2 concentration. The empirical studies however are not overall in line with this prediction. In this study laboratory trails were conducted in growth chambers by manipulating CO2 concentration （390μL/L, 780μL/L） and the nitrogen-fixing bacteria （NFB） （with, without） for the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris in a factorial design. Prodenia litura larvae at the 4＇h stadium were fed with the bean plants cultured in aforementioned treatments, and testedfor food consumption and utilization. ANCOVA results showed that CO2 and NFB had significant effects both independently and in interaction on the 4th instar larva in relative consumption （RCR） and relative growth rate （RGR）. Under ambient CO2 there were no differences in RCR and RGR between NFB treatments, but in elevated CO2 RCR and RGR increased in the absence as opposed to the presence of NFB. CO2 and its interaction with NFB had significant influence on approximate digestibility （ AD ）, where AD increased in elevated CO2 as opposed to ambient CO2 in the absence of NFB but slightly reduced in the presence of NFB. CO2 and NFB treatments did not influence efficiency of conversion of ingested food （ECI）. The results of this study lend support for the prediction of the compensatory feeding hypothesis.

关 键 词：CO2浓度升高 固氮菌 食物利用 害虫治理 气候变化生物学 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]