国家定义与国家治理体系新论  

The Definition of Nation and New Theory of National Governance System

作　　者：鲁品越[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学现代经济哲学研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《学术界》2015年第1期5-10,322,共6页Academics

摘　　要：按照恩格斯的观点,国家的定义应当是:在一定地域范围内对其国民拥有公共权力的机构。而在剥削阶级占统治地位的社会中,这种公共权力机构沦为列宁所说的"剥削被压迫阶级的工具",这是特殊的国家性质。不能把国家的特殊性质当作国家的定义。社会整体利益所要求的公共权力的合法性与执政者的阶级性的矛盾是历史上国家政权面临的基本矛盾,其解决程度决定了该政治权力机构的历史合法性程度。而在无产阶级夺取政权之后仍然需要用革命手段来建立与巩固新生政权,建设新的经济基础,因此需要人民民主专政。而经过社会主义改造与改革开放,我国已经建立起以公有制为主体、各种所有制共同发展的社会主义市场经济体系,剥削阶级已经不是集团性政治力量,因此无产阶级已经基本完成其历史使命,需要建立以依法治国为根本的新的治理体系,这将是与经济建设中改革开放同样伟大的社会变革,它将从根本上解决国家政权机构面临的上述基本矛盾,是与经济领域改革开放同样伟大的社会变革。According to Engels's view,the definition of nation should be institution in certain area which has public power to its national people. But in exploiting class dominating societies,this kind of public power institutions descended to be the exploiting tools to the exploited class remarked by Lenin,which is special character of nation. We can't identify it to the definition of nation. The contradiction between legitimacy of public power required by entire social benefits and the class nature of ruling group is the fundamental contradiction which the national regime has to face in history,and the solving extent decides its historic legitim acy extent. The proletariat class at this period still needs the revolution approaches to establish and consolidate the new powers,to construct the new economic foundations; therefore,the people's dem ocratic dictatorship is still needed. How ever,after Socialist Transformation and Reforming and Opening,our country has established the Socialist Marketing Economy System which takes the public sector economy as main body,and co-develops with various sectors of economy.The exploiting class is no longer the political group in power,so the proletariat class dictatorship has basically completed its great historic mission. Our country should found the new fundamental governance system of law-ruling,which is a social reform as great as Reforming and Opening in economic construction process,and it will radically solve the fundamental contradiction above the country regime faces,and is a great social reform the same as Reforming and Opening in economy.

关 键 词：国家 国家治理 公共权力机构 

分 类 号：D03[政治法律—政治学] D035