几种民族理念的分析与比较  

Analysis and Comparison of Several Ethno-national Concepts

作　　者：周少青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院 民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《学术界》2015年第1期61-73,323,共13页Academics

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目"少数民族权利保护的价值理念问题研究"(项目号:11BMZ039)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：15世纪以来,在处理民族问题上,依次出现过多种理念,这些理念对当代世界各国的民族政策和立法(制度)产生了重大影响。文章分析和比较了几种有影响的处理民族问题的理念,即殖民主义、种族主义、同化主义、多元文化主义和马克思主义处理民族问题的理念,这五种理念在沿着一定历史时序发展的同时,还具有一定的共时性或同时在场性。文章认为,多元文化主义是西方社会迄今为止提出的文明和包容程度最高的处理民族问题的理念,它在相当程度上超越了种族主义、同化主义,但是也有其自身的局限性;马克思主义处理民族问题的理念是人类历史上最先进的价值理念,它融入了"权利正义"、"保护多元文化"等多种现代社会的理念因子,并坚持从根本(政治)上解决民族平等问题,至今在一些社会主义国家尤其是中国发挥着重要作用。Since the 15 th century,there have been a variety of concepts in dealing with ethno-national issues. These concepts have had a significant im pact on the ethno-national policies and legislations of Modern countries in the world. The author makes a comparative analysis of several influential concepts in dealing with ethno-national issues,which are colonialism,racialism,assimilationism,multiculturalism and Marxism to deal with ethno-national issues. While the above mentioned five concepts developed with a certain historical sequence,there has also been some synchronicity and Anwesenheit in their development. In the paper,the author argues that multiculturalism is the most civilized and tolerant concept in dealing with ethno-national issues in the Western societies.To a certain extent it transcends the racialism and assimilationism,but still has its own limitations. Marxism is the most advanced concept in dealing with ethno-national issues in the history of mankind which is integrated into many other factors such as'justice','protection of cultural diversity 'etc.Moreover,Marxism insists on dealing with equality issues at its most fundamental or political level. Marxism has played an important part in some socialist countries,particularly in China.

关 键 词：民族理念 种族主义 同化主义 多元文化主义 马克思主义 

分 类 号：D032[政治法律—政治学]