2013年全国县级调查以乡为单位适龄儿童国家免疫规划疫苗接种率分析  

Immunization Coverage of National Immunization Program Vaccines at the Township Level,Based on a Survey Conducted by the County Level,China,2013

作　　者：曹雷[1] 郑景山[1] 曹玲生[1] 袁平[1] 崔健[1] 王华庆[1] 李黎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2014年第6期486-491,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会;世界卫生组织接种率调查专项资金

摘　　要：目的分析2013年全国县[区、市、旗、新疆生产建设兵团（新疆兵团）师,下同]级调查以乡（镇、街道、苏木、新疆兵团团场,下同）为单位适龄儿童国家免疫规划疫苗（National Immunization Program Vaccines,NIPV）接种情况。方法应用批质量保证抽样（Lot Quality Assurance Sampling,LQAS）方法确定每个乡调查≥42名2-3岁儿童,随机抽取适龄儿童开展入户调查。描述性分析定性评价全国及各省（自治区、直辖市、新疆兵团,下同）以乡为单位NIPV接种率≥90%情况,合并并加权辖区乡NIPV接种儿童比例点值估计全国和各省NIPV接种率。结果全国所有县调查辖区36549个合并乡的〉150万名适龄儿童,约占每年出生儿童的9.1%。全国累计适龄儿童建预防接种卡率和预防接种证持有率均≥99%;除第4剂百日咳-白喉-破伤风（百白破）联合疫苗（The Fourth Dose of Diphtheria,Tetanus and Pertussis Combined Vaccine,DTP4）、第2剂A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（The Second Dose of Group A Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine,MPV-A2）和甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗（Heptitis A Attenuated Live Vaccine,Hep A-L）接种率≥90%的乡比例〈90%外,其余疫苗剂次接种率≥90%的乡比例均≥90%。分别有12、13、15、17个省第2剂含麻疹成分疫苗（The Second Dose of Measles-containing Vaccine,MCV2）、MPV-A2、DTP4和Hep A-L接种率≥90%的乡比例〈90%,多为中西部省。接种率点值估算结果显示,全国调查适龄儿童NIPV接种率均〉95%;各省NIPV仅西藏自治区的DTP4、MCV2、MPV-A2、Hep AL接种率〈90%。结论全国及各省NIPV接种率总体保持较高水平,但西藏自治区和个别省存在相对较低NIPV接种率。全国及各省以乡为单位儿童NIPV接种率在不同疫苗、不同疫苗剂次和不同区域间存在较大差别,存在小范围低接种率地区。相对而言,LQAS这种小区域概率抽样的定性评价方法结果更为敏感,适合于识别低接种率地区,�Objective To analyze and summarize immunization coverage of national immunization program vaccines （NIPV） for selected age groups of children at the township level in a survey conducted by the county level in 2013 in China. Methods Using lot quality assurance sampling （LQAS）, ≥42 children, aged 2 -3 years, were randomly sampled from each township, and investigated with household interviews. Immunization coverage levels for NIPVs were determined by means of township-level descriptive qualitative analyses, and were estimated at the provincial and national levels by aggregating and weighting the township data. Results More than 1.5 million children, aged 2 -3 years, from 36,549 townships （after aggregating townships with 〈 10 000 population） were included in the survey, accounting for 9. 1% of children born annually in China. Thecumulative national percentages of children with vaccination cards and with books were both 99%. With the exceptions of the fourth dose of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine （DTP4）, the second dose of group A meningococcal polysac- charide vaccine （MPV-A2）, and hepatitis A attenu- ated live vaccine （HepA-L）, the percentage oftownships with I〉90% immunization coverage for NIPV were all 〉190%. There were 12, 13, 15, and 17 prov inces where the percentage of townships with I〉90% coverage was 〈 90% for the second dose of measles containing vaccine （MCV2）, MPV-A2, DTP4, and HepA-L, respectively; most of these provinces are located in the western region of China. The point estimate of coverage for all NIPV was 〉 95% nationwide, and I〉 90% at the provincial level, except for DTP4, MCV2, MPVA2, and HepA-L coverage in the Tibetan Autono mous Region. Conclusions Coverage for NIPV nationally, and for most provinces, was high, except for some provinces, including the Tibetan Autonomous Region. However, immunization coverage at the township level showed significant variation by vaccine, vaccine dose in series vaccines, and some townships with �

关 键 词：县级抽样调查 国家免疫规划疫苗 以乡为单位 接种率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]