重建信访政治——超越国家“访”务困境的一种思路  

Rebuilding the Politics of Public Appeal and Petition

作　　者：刘正强[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院社会学研究所

出　　处：《开放时代》2015年第1期156-170,7-8,共15页Open Times

基　　金：2012年度国家社科基金项目(12BSH030)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：当前,中国信访总量与治理成本双双高企,不断触痛着国家与社会的敏感神经,并危及社会的良性运行和协调发展。国家治理所面临的"访"务困境同信访的政治变迁密切相关:1978年后,国家逐步弱化信访的政治动员功能,并确立了基于"维稳"原则的工具化治理策略,致使信访由社会治理的手段演化为被治理的对象,从而陷入利益收买与行政压制的尴尬两端。在社会转型与政治生态充满弹性的背景下,"去政治化"带来信访的政治"掏空"效应,而泛政治化、民粹主义等思潮可能乘虚而入,演化成为访民的心理支持系统,从而实现反向的政治动员并带来巨大社会风险。应当在回归信访制度的经典设计、恢复和创新群众观念的基础上,重建信访的政治属性,完善国家治理体系,依法规训信访行为,从而回到信访对社会的治理这一本义上来。In contemporary China,the amount of public appeal to higher authority and the cost of dealing with it remain high,touching the nerve of the state and society and undermining smooth social operation and development.The current predicament of public appeal and petition is the result of its changing political role.After1978,the state has gradually curtailed the political mobilization function of public appeal and,for the sake of enforcing social stability,has actually turned it from the means of social governance to the object of governance.Hence the dual practice of buying off on the one hand and high-handed suppression on the other.Against the backdrop of social transformation and the increase of political flexibility,'depoliticization'has voided the political function of public appeal and petition,and thus left room for the upsurge of populism which lends psycho-logical support to the petitioners and starts political mobilization in a reverse way that brings about tremendous social unrest.It is suggested that the appealing system should be put back in the classic role it is devised to play.Efforts should be put into restoring and renewing people's idea,rebuilding the political property of public appeal,perfecting the governing system of the state,regulating appealing activities by law,and putting appealing system back in the hand of social governance.

关 键 词：信访政治 重建 民粹主义 社会动员 

分 类 号：D632.8[政治法律—政治学]