围湖养殖对军山湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响  

Effect of Pen Culture on Community Structure of Planktonic Crustaceans in Lake Junshan

作　　者：刘宝贵[1,2] 谭国良 邢久生 李梅 陈宇炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所/湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江西省水文局,江西南昌330009

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2015年第1期82-87,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(2012CB417005);江西省水利厅科技项目(KT 201120)

摘　　要：于2012-2013 年丰、平、枯水期对鄱阳湖阻隔湖泊--军山湖浮游甲壳动物的群落结构和时空分布变化进行调查,结果表明,军山湖浮游甲壳动物丰度为29. 4 （平水期） ～154. 7 L^-1（枯水期）,生物量为0. 64 （丰水期） ～7. 44 mg·L^-1（枯水期）;枝角类僧帽溞（Daphnia cucullata）丰度或生物量在枯水期和平水期均占优势,象鼻溞（Bos？mina spp.）、网纹溞（Ceriodaphnia spp.）和秀体溞（Diaphanosoma spp.）则在丰水期占优势;桡足类中,无节幼体（nau-plius）和桡足幼体（copepodid）丰度全年占优势;浮游甲壳动物年均丰度在湖心区（J6、J7、J8 和J9）较高,在河口区（J4 和J5）和湖口区（J1）较低.认为水产养殖活动可能是决定军山湖浮游甲壳动物季节分布和群落结构的关键因素,流速在空间分布上的不均匀导致其空间分布的差异性.军山湖浮游甲壳动物丰度显著高于鄱阳湖主湖区,且群落结构特征与鄱阳湖主湖区不同.这可能是因为军山湖阻隔后水流变缓、水体交换周期变长和营养水平升高等水环境特征更有利于浮游甲壳动物的生长繁殖,而水产养殖可能是造成两者群落结构差异的主要原因.A survey was carried out of Lake Junshan, a dammed lake of Lake Poyang for variation of community structure and spatio?termporal distribution of planktonic crustaceans, during the wet, normal and dry seasons of 2012-2013. Results show that the planktonic crustaceans in the lake varied between 29?4 ( normal season) and 154?7 L-1( dry season) in a?bundance, and between 0?64 (wet season)and 7?44 mg·L-1(dry season) in total biomass. The cladoceran in the lake was dominated by Daphnia cucullata in abundance and biomass during the dry and normal season, and by Bosmina spp., Ceriodaphnia spp. and Diaphanosoma spp. during the wet season, while the Copepods was by nauplius and copepodids all the year round. The annual mean abundance of planktonic crustaceans was much higher at Sites J6, J7, J8 and J9, in the middle of the lake, than at any other sites, and lower at Sites J4 and J5 in the estuary and J1 at the outlet of the lake. It is held that aquicultural activities are the key factor affecting seasonal spatial distribution and community structure of plank?tonic crustaceans in Lake Junshan. Uneven spatial distribution of flow velocity was also a factor affecting the variation. Lake Junshan was obviously higher than Lake Poyang in abundance of planktonic crustaceans and different from the latter in community structure of planktonic crustaceans, which may be attributed to the slower flow velocity, longer cycle of water replacement and higher nutritional level of the water in the lake as a result of the barricade between the two lakes. Such hy?draulic environment is more favorable to growth and propagation of planktonic crustaceans. Aquicultural activities in the lake are probably the main cause to the difference between the two lakes in community structure of planktonic crustacean.

关 键 词：阻隔湖泊 浮游甲壳动物 群落结构 时空分布 水产养殖 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学]