管制、互动与环境污染第三方治理  

Regulation,Interaction and Environmental Pollution Control by a Third Party

作　　者：刘超[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学法学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第2期96-104,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"页岩气开发法律问题研究"(编号:13CFX102)

摘　　要：《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》在我国环境政策系统中首次提出了"推行环境污染第三方治理",这是我国环境污染防治工作中前所未有的理念与制度创新,其背后的政策选择与价值判断是要求环境污染治理的理念与路径从管制模式向互动模式的转换。本文的主要目的即在研究管制模式向互动模式转变的背景下,"环境污染第三方治理"的理论基础、现实必要性及其制度路径。文章主要运用理论分析、规范分析、比较分析与价值判断的方法,辨析管制模式与互动模式下环境污染治理理念与路径的差异,归纳当前管制模式下环境污染治理制度的内生缺陷,证明环境污染第三方治理的必要性。本文的基本结论是,在管制模式下以行政赋权、"命令—服从"为特征的环境污染防治制度的内在逻辑体现为,制度目标围绕环境行政管理为主线,制度类型以"命令—服从"为重心,这导致了环保目标悬置与制度异化、运动式环境执法以及执法者与污染者合谋形成法律规避等诸多弊病。管制模式下的现行环境污染防治制度缺陷之原因在于,规制机制断裂与制度抵牾、制度结构的单向性和封闭性以及闭环逻辑导致的制度僵化与规制俘虏。当前的制度现状亟待秉持互动模式为理念进行矫正。我国新修订的《环境保护法》提出的"损害担责"原则为环境污染第三方治理提供了法律依据,环境代执行制度已初具环境污染第三方治理制度的雏形,我们应当从污染防治市场制度的体系化、环境代执行制度的改进、设立清洁水和清洁空气基金和引入环境污染治理等第三方机构等几个方面构建体系完整的环境污染第三方治理制度。＇ Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform＇ clearly stipulates ＇ implementation of environmental pollution control by a third party＇. This is specified for the first time in environmental policy system in our country. Examining the policy choice and the value judgment, it requires the concepts and ways of environmental pollution control switching from the regulation mode to the interaction mode. The main purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical basis, the practical necessity and its system path of ＂the environmental pollution control by a third party＂ under the background of switching from the regulation mode to the interaction mode. This paper mainly analyzes the concept of environmental pollution control and the difference of the path under the regulation mode and interaction mode by using theoretical analysis, normative analysis, comparative analysis and value judgment method, concludes the latent defects of current regulation mode of environmental pollution control system, and proves the necessity of the environmental pollution control by a third party. The basic conclusion of this paper includes the following aspects： in the regulation mode, the current system of environmental pollution control pays great attention to administrative empowerment and ＇ command-obey＇ method, which has lots of endogenous institutional predicament and causes many disadvantages of current environmental pollution control system, including unfulfilled environmental protection＇ s objectives and the alienation of the system, no fixed procedures in environmental law enforcement, as well as law-executor and polluters plotting together to violate the law. Adopting the regulation mode, the current environmental pollution prevention and control system has several disadvantages caused by the following reasons： the fractured regulation mechanism and institutional contradictions, the institutional structure of one-way and sealing characters, and the institutional

关 键 词：环境污染 第三方治理 管制 互动 市场机制 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]