中国碳保险法律制度的构建  

The Construction of Legal System of Carbon Insurance

作　　者：李媛媛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学法政学院,浙江临安311300 [2]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110031

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第2期144-151,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题"森林保险立法研究"(编号:10CGFX11YBX);辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目"民营资本健康发展法律规制研究"(编号:L12BFX006)

摘　　要：碳保险与低碳保险、绿色保险、气候保险等不是一个概念。碳保险是以《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》为前提,是基于两个国际条约对碳排放的安排而存在,或是保护在非京都规则中模拟京都规则而产生的碳金融活动的保险。碳金融市场基于人为设计而产生,蕴含巨大风险,现行以《保险法》为核心的保险法律制度体系在面对碳融资、碳交付等碳金融风险时面临诸多困境:很多风险为非传统风险,按我国基于传统风险而设计的《保险法》,多为不可保风险;碳保险合同标的的价值难以确定;我国目前的碳保险制度没有发挥保障碳融资和碳交付的功能;我国碳金融中的一些独特风险亟需碳保险法律制度保障;我国碳保险缺乏生态价值导向作用;现行《保险法》规定财产保险合同中没有受益人这一主体,而受益人主体在碳保险法律制度中至关重要。针对这些困境应该构建碳保险法律制度:在碳保险法律制度构建中引入ART原理;碳保险合同目前可采用定值保险合同形式,从长远来看,一旦碳保险单独立法,则可以规定专业评估机构为保险合同关系人并适当引入定额保险合同;构建国内的"非京都规则"碳交易市场,发挥碳保险应有功能;以碳保险法律制度引导CDM中的技术含量;在碳保险法律制度设计中融入生态价值取向;把受益人作为碳保险合同的关系人。关于立法模式,应该在《保险法》之外另行单独立法,并在保险法中增加援引条款,如碳保险由法律、行政法规另行规定。Carbon insurance, low-carbon insurance, green insurance, climate insurance and other confusing words on above insurance is not the same concept. Carbon insurance is based on ＂ United Nations Framework Convention on climate change＂ and ＂ Kyoto Protocol＂. It is the two international treaties that is the premise of carbon insurance, which exist ether in the carbon emission be ruled by the two treaties or the carbon financial activity when non-Kyoto rules simulate Kyoto rules. Carbon-based financial market is artificially designed and produced, which contains huge non-traditional risks. The current insurance legal system centering on ＇ Insurance Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＇ have many difficulties in face of carbon financial risks, such as carbon delivery and carbon financing. According to our ＂Insurance Law＂ , which is based on traditional risk, the risks of carbon-based financial market are uninsurable risks mostly. The value of the subject in the carbon insurance contract is difficult to determine. Our current carbon insurance system did not protect carbon financing and carbon delivery and does not cover some unique risks, and lack of the guiding role of ecological value in the existing ＇ Insurance Law＇ . There are no beneficiary in our property insurance contract law. In response to these difficulties, we should construct carbon insurance legal system including the introduction of ART principle and using of fixed value insurance contract, construct our ＇ non-Kyoto rules＇ carbon trading market, in which the carbon insurance should play good functions, guide the technical content in CDM by carbon insurance, and integrate ecological values. Besides, beneficiary should be privy in carbon insurance contract. Regarding to the legislative mode, carbon insurance should be separated from other insurance for special legislative treatment. And we can add an article in ＇ Insurance Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＇ that carbon insurance shall be separately prescribed by the laws

关 键 词：碳保险 碳金融 非传统风险转移 清洁发展机制 

分 类 号：D912.28[政治法律—民商法学] D912.6[政治法律—经济法学]