基于GIS的武汉市武昌区岩溶塌陷危险性评价  

Risk assessment for urban karst collapse in Wuchang District of Wuhan based on GIS

作　　者：钟宇[1,2] 张明堃 潘玲[1,2] 赵诗坤 郝永红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学城市与环境科学学院,天津300387 [3]天津师范大学数学科学学院,天津300387

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期48-53,共6页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41272245,41001006,40972165,40572150)

摘　　要：为减少城市岩溶塌陷引发的损失,定量评估城市岩溶塌陷灾害,在详细分析武昌区地质情况的基础上,选取岩溶地层岩性、岩溶发育程度和覆盖层岩性等11个致灾因子,运用模糊算法和组件式GIS技术对研究区岩溶塌陷危险性等级进行评估,得到武昌区岩溶塌陷危险性等级区划图.研究结果表明:研究区岩溶塌陷等级分为极易塌陷、易塌陷、较易塌陷和安全共4个等级,极易塌陷区主要位于武昌南部白沙洲大桥等区域,易塌陷区分布在南部区域和北部小块区域.武昌区位于南部岩溶带,区内地下水与长江水联系紧密,导致区内时常发生岩溶塌陷.此外,区内较大的人口密度和频繁的人类工程活动加剧了岩溶塌陷发生的可能性,因此,应适量减少人类工程活动.In order to minimize losses caused by urban karst collapse and evaluate urban karst collapse disaster quantitative- ly, based on detailed analysis of the geological conditions in Wuehang District, the karst collapse risk level in the studied area was evaluated by choosing 11 disaster indicators such as karst stratum lithology, the degree of karst development and cover- ing layer lithology etc. and applying fuzzy algorithm and G1S （ComGIS） technology of component type, and the risk gradation zoning plan of karst collapse in Wuchang was achieved. Results show that the karst collapse grade of the study area includes four categories including very high, high, low and save. The regions which have very high karst collapse grade are mainly located in the south of Wuchang such as Baishazhou bridge area, and the high karst collapse grade regions are distributed in the southern region and the tiny northern region. Wuchang is located in south karst area, and its underground water is closely related to the Yangtse River, which leading to a frequent urban karst collapse. In addition, the possibility of karst collapse happening is exacerbated by the great population density and frequent human engineering activity in Wuchang. So the human engineering activities in Wuchang should be minimized.

关 键 词：岩溶塌陷 危险性评价 组件式GIS 模糊算法 武昌区 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]