基于比较优势理论的武威市县域经济作物比较优势实证分析  

An empirical analysis on comparative advantage of economic crops in Wuwei, Gansu

作　　者：陈其兵[1] 彭治云 唐峻岭[1] 王成兰[1] 孙有鑫 胡敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省武威市农业技术推广中心,甘肃武威733000

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2015年第1期99-104,共6页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001)

摘　　要：近年来,武威市紧紧围绕实现农民收入倍增、促进与全省全国同步全面建成小康社会的目标,按照发展节水高效富民产业的总方向,充分利用本地优越的农业资源优势,大力发展经济作物的生产,初步形成了蔬菜、瓜类、马铃薯、棉花、果品、啤酒原料、制种、中药材等为主的区域性特色经济作物优势产业,生产的专业化、规模化、标准化、组织化和社会化程度大幅提升。本文采用规模比较优势指数、效率比较优势指数以及综合比较优势指数等方法,对武威市不同县域2008-2012年主要经济作物生产数据进行比较分析。结果表明,凉州区优势经济作物为蔬菜;民勤县优势作物有瓜类、中药材、棉花、果品和葵花;古浪县优势经济作物有马铃薯、中药材、油料作物、甜菜、啤酒大麦和果品;天祝县优势作物为蔬菜、马铃薯。武威市主要经济作物在不同县域的比较优势不尽相同,不同县域所具有的优势经济作物种类也不同,主要是因土壤条件、气候条件等农业资源优势差异造成。利用比较优势原则来合理安排和布局,是发挥县域资源优势,提升资源的配置效率,提高经济作物的生产效率,培育壮大具有明显比较优势和竞争力优势的经济作物的有效途径。In recent years, Wuwei has been exploring ample local agricultural resources and developing economic crops development in order to increase farmers＇ income and develop into a well-off society. Guided under the direction of water saving and high efficiency, the city has grown some major agricultural sectors, including vegetable, melon, potato, cotton, fruit, beer raw materials, seed production, and traditional Chinese medicine. There has been also some significant improvement in production specialization, scale economy, standardization, systematization and socialization. This paper calculated scale economy index, efficiency index, and comprehensive advantage index to analyze Wuwei＇s economic crop production in different areas from 2008 to 2012. The result indicated that the economic crop with comparative advantage in Liangzhou was vegetable, in Minqin these included melon, Chinese herbal medicine, cotton, fruit and sunflowers, in Gulang they were potato, medicine herbs, oil crop, sugar beet, barley beer and fruit, and in Tianzhu crops with comparative advantages were vegetable and potato. Such differences can be attributed to the soil condition and climate diversity. Using the principle of comparative advantage to reasonably arrange agricultural production is an effective way to improve resource allocation, enhance economic crop production efficiency, and fitrther foster the growth of economic crops has obvious comparative advantage and competitive advantage.

关 键 词：经济作物 比较优势 实证分析 武威 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]