2009-2013年遵义市手足口病流行特征分析  

Analysis of hand foot mouth diseases epidemic characteristics in Zunyi City, 2009-2013

作　　者：张仁俊[1] 吉光辉[1] 谌文菊 陶宏[1] 吴明汪 王世平[1] 郭黄吉 

机构地区：[1]遵义市疾病预防控制中心,贵州遵义563002

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第3期389-391,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2009-2013年遵义市手足口病流行特征,为政府部门制定防治措施提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息系统中导出2009-2013年遵义市手足口病网络直报信息,用Excel进行统计,运用描述流行病学方法对5年手足口病资料进行分析;收集部分轻症手足口病和全部重症病例标本,用Real-time PCR进行核酸检测验证。结果 5年共报告手足口病42 878例,重症735例,死亡28例,年平均报告发病率为132.72/10万,病死率为0.07%;发病人群以散居儿童为主,占73.58%;发病年龄以3岁以下为主,占79.54%;男性与女性比为1.73∶1;地区分布以汇川区、红花岗区和遵义县发病较多,占累计病例数的57.35%;流行季节以4-7月为高峰,占68.02%;Real-time PCR检测标本4 901份,检出核酸阳性3 045份,阳性检出率为62.13%。流行毒株以其他肠道病毒为主,占45.58%,其次是EV71占29.36%和Cox A16占25.06%,重症病例标本阳性检出率为76.33%,其中EV71占45.28%、其他肠道病毒占29.77%、Cox A16占24.96%,死亡病例以EV71为主,占71.43%。结论遵义市手足口病流行有明显的季节性,地区和人群的特点,EV71引起重症和死亡的比例大,今后要加大宣传和监测,≤3岁散居儿童是手足口病防控的重点人群,控制目标是降低重症病例的发生和病死率。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth diseases（HFMD） in Zunyi City from 2009 to 2013, in order to develop the prevention measures for the government. Methods HFMD data of Zunyi City between 2009 to 2013 were obtained from national disease surveillance network information system, and were analyzed by the Excel software. Furthmore, 5years＇ hand-foot-mouth diseases were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology. The specimens of some mild cases and all severe cases were collected, and they were analyzed using the realtime-PCR to test and identify nucleic acid. Results A total of 42, 878 cases were reported during the 5 years. 735 were severe cases, and 28 were death cases. The average annual reported incidence rate was 132.72/100000, and the mortality rate was 0.07%. The disease mainly occurred among scattered children, accounting for73.58%, and their ages were mostly under 3 years old, accounting for 79.54%. The ratio of males to females is 1.73： 1 and regional distribution was mainly in Huichuan District, Honghuagang District and Zunyi County, accounting for 57.35%. Epidemic season was from April to July, accounting for 68.02%. Using realtime-PCR detected 4901 specimens, and 3045 specimens were positive for the nucleic acid detection, and the positive nucleic acid detection rate was 62.13%. Epidemic strain was mainly other enterovirus,accounting for 45.58%, followed by EV71 and Cox A16 accounting for 29.36% and 25.06%, respectively. The positive detection rate of severe cases was 76.33%, with EV71, other enteroviruses and Cox A16 accounting for 45.28%, 29.77% and 24.96%, respectively.The death cases mainly carried EV71, accounting for 71.43%. Conclusion HFMD epidemics in Zunyi City have distinctive seasonality, spatial distribution and population variation. Severe and dead cases were mainly caused by EV71. Therefore, we should enhance the propagation and the monitor. Scattered child under 3-year-old is the key population. The goal of prevention is to reduce the incidenc

关 键 词：手足口病 流行特征 肠道病毒EV71型 分析 

分 类 号：R183.4[医药卫生—流行病学]