金矿自然重砂矿物组合规律及其找矿指示意义  

Characteristics of heavy mineral assemblages in gold deposits: Implications for ore prospecting

作　　者：韦少港[1] 董国臣[1,2] 莫宣学[1,2] 申俊峰[1,2] 张翔[1] 薄海军 任龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《地质通报》2014年第12期1890-1908,共19页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(编号:IRT1083);教育部111计划项目(编号:B07011);中国地质调查局项目(编号:1212011121038)

摘　　要：对云南、海南、江西、湖北、河南、新疆、浙江、山东、辽宁等27个省185个典型金矿床的自然重砂矿物进行统计分析,发现自然重砂矿物对金矿具有良好的响应,自然金、黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、白铅矿、辰砂等对寻找金矿具有指示意义。不同成因类型的金矿床反映出的自然重砂矿物组合不同,斑岩型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+重晶石+闪锌矿+白铅矿+金红石,卡林型—类卡林型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+辉锑矿+毒砂+雄(雌)黄,而造山型+矽卡岩型+热液型+构造蚀变岩型金矿床的标型指示矿物组合为自然金+黄铁矿+方铅矿+辰砂。不同区域的金矿床反映出的自然重砂矿物组合也各有差异,闪锌矿为南方各省金矿床的特征矿物,辰砂和白钨矿为北方地区金矿床的特征矿物,重晶石和白铅矿为西部地区金矿的特征矿物。综合研究认为,自然重砂具有直接找矿和指导找矿的作用,按照特定成因类型和区域金矿床所建立的自然重砂矿物组合对建立矿床找矿模型具有重要的意义。Assemblages of natural heavy minerals from 185 gold deposits in China were analyzed, and the results show that the assem？blages of natural heavy minerals display relatively close relationships with the genetic types of gold deposits. Various mineral assemblag？es of native gold, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, cerusite and cinnabar can be used as indicators for ore-prospecting. Typomorphic min？eral assemblages are varied in different genetic types of gold deposits and different regions in China. The typical heavy minerals in the porphyry gold deposit exhibit native gold＋pyrite＋galena＋sphalerite＋barite＋cerusite＋rutil assemblage, whereas native gold＋pyrite ＋ galena ＋ stibnite ＋ arsenopyrite ＋realgar/orpiment constitute the typical heavy mineral assemblage in Carlin gold deposits. Nevertheless, the heavy minerals in orogenic＋skarn＋hydrothermal＋altered rock gold deposits are simple and characterized by the native gold ＋ pyrite ＋ galena ＋ cinnabar assemblage. Natural heavy mineral assemblages in gold deposits of different areas of China are varied. Sphalerite is the characteristic mineral in gold deposits of southern China, cinnabar and scheelite are characteristic minerals in gold deposits of northern China, and barite and cerusite are characteristic minerals in western China. It is considered that natural heavy mineral assemblages play an important role in the prospecting for gold deposits and the formulation of natural placer prospect？ing models for different genetic types of gold deposits in various parts of China.

关 键 词：自然重砂 金矿 组合规律 找矿意义 

分 类 号：P618.51[天文地球—矿床学]